Journal ArticleDOI
Altered patterns of growth, physiology and reproduction in invasive genotypes of Solidago gigantea (Asteraceae)
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TLDR
It is concluded that multiple factors influence the success of introduced plants, and the prediction that introduced genotypes of Solidago gigantea would outperform native genotypes when grown in the absence of herbivores is not tested.Abstract:
Introduced plants may leave their specialized herbivores behind when they invade new ranges. The Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability (EICA) Hypothesis holds that this escape from herbivory could lead to reduced investment in defenses, thereby freeing resources for growth and reproduction. We tested the prediction that introduced genotypes of Solidago gigantea would outperform native genotypes when grown in the absence of herbivores, and examined whether tolerance to insect herbivory has changed in introduced genotypes. S. gigantea is native to North America and an exotic invasive in Europe. Insect damage reduced plant growth and biomass for both native and exotic genotypes. While there was no evidence that continent of origin influenced the degree to which plants compensated for herbivory, the mechanisms contributing to recovery differed for native and exotic plants. Damaged US plants showed enhanced photosynthetic rates to a greater extent than damaged European plants, while damaged European plants carried more leaves than damaged US plants. At the end of the season, leaf mass of European plants was significantly greater than that of US plants. Contrary to the predictions of the EICA hypothesis, US plants were more likely to flower than European plants. European plants invested significantly more of their total reproductive biomass into rhizomes rather than flowers than US plants. While other work with S. gigantea has supported some aspects of the EICA hypothesis, the results reported here generally do not. We conclude that multiple factors influence the success of introduced plants.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Ecophysiological differences between genetic lineages facilitate the invasion of non-native Phragmites australis in North American Atlantic coast wetlands
TL;DR: Over the last century, native Phragmites australis lineages have been almost completely replaced along the North American Atlantic coast by an aggressive lineage originating from Eurasia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evolution of Plant Defenses in Nonindigenous Environments
Colin M. Orians,David Ward +1 more
TL;DR: The major evolutionary hypotheses predicting defense expression in plants, the hypotheses explaining defense evolution of exotic species, and the importance of geographic variation in ecological interactions to defense evolution are examined are examined.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interactions between invasive plants and insect herbivores: A plea for a multitrophic perspective
TL;DR: It is argued that it is important to link population and community ecology to individual-level variation in the physiology and behaviour of insects across several trophic levels in studies with invasive plants to facilitate a more complete understanding of the factors underlying the success (or failure) of exotic plants to spread and become dominant in their new ranges.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plant-soil feedback induces shifts in biomass allocation in the invasive plant Chromolaena odorata.
TL;DR: Non-native C. odorata plants responded to soil biota from the non-native range by enhanced allocation in stem biomass and height growth, suggesting that selection may have taken place during the process of invasion, and the results did not support the accumulation of local pathogens hypothesis.
References
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Book
Applied Linear Statistical Models
TL;DR: Applied Linear Statistical Models 5e as discussed by the authors is the leading authoritative text and reference on statistical modeling, which includes brief introductory and review material, and then proceeds through regression and modeling for the first half, and through ANOVA and Experimental Design in the second half.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100.
Osvaldo E. Sala,F. S. Chapin,Juan J. Armesto,Eric L. Berlow,Janine Bloomfield,Rodolfo Dirzo,E Huber-Sanwald,Laura Foster Huenneke,Robert B. Jackson,Ann P. Kinzig,Rik Leemans,David M. Lodge,Harold A. Mooney,Martín Oesterheld,N L Poff,Martin T. Sykes,Brian Walker,Marilyn D. Walker,Diana H. Wall +18 more
TL;DR: This study identified a ranking of the importance of drivers of change, aranking of the biomes with respect to expected changes, and the major sources of uncertainties in projections of future biodiversity change.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biotic invasions: causes, epidemiology, global consequences, and control
Richard N. Mack,Daniel Simberloff,W. Mark Lonsdale,Harry C. Evans,M. N. Clout,Fakhri A. Bazzaz +5 more
TL;DR: Given their current scale, biotic invasions have taken their place alongside human-driven atmospheric and oceanic alterations as major agents of global change and left unchecked, they will influence these other forces in profound but still unpredictable ways.
Journal ArticleDOI
Environmental and Economic Costs of Nonindigenous Species in the United States
TL;DR: Aproximately 50,000 nonindigenous (non-native) species are estimated to have been introduced to the United States, many of which are beneficial but have caused major economic losses in agriculture, forestry, and several other segments of the US economy, in addition to harming the environment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Progress in invasion biology: predicting invaders
Cynthia S. Kolar,David M. Lodge +1 more
TL;DR: Although restricted to few taxa, these studies reveal clear relationships between the characteristics of releases and the species involved, and the successful establishment and spread of invaders.
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