An interdisciplinary evaluation of community-based TURF-reserves.
Juan Carlos Villaseñor-Derbez,Eréndira Aceves-Bueno,Eréndira Aceves-Bueno,Stuart Fulton,Alvin Suarez,Arturo Hernández-Velasco,Jorge Torre,Fiorenza Micheli +7 more
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TLDR
It is found that, overall, reserves have not yet achieved their stated goals of increasing the density of lobster and other benthic invertebrates, nor increasing lobster catches, and these reserves may provide a foundation for establishing additional, larger marine reserves needed to effectively conserve mobile species.Abstract:
Coastal marine ecosystems provide livelihoods for small-scale fishers and coastal communities around the world. Small-scale fisheries face great challenges since they are difficult to monitor, enforce, and manage, which may lead to overexploitation. Combining territorial use rights for fisheries (TURF) with no-take marine reserves to create TURF-reserves can improve the performance of small-scale fisheries by buffering fisheries from environmental variability and management errors, while ensuring that fishers reap the benefits of conservation investments. Since 2012, 18 old and new community-based Mexican TURF-reserves gained legal recognition thanks to a regulation passed in 2012; their effectiveness has not been formally evaluated. We combine causal inference techniques and the Social-Ecological Systems framework to provide a holistic evaluation of community-based TURF-reserves in three coastal communities in Mexico. We find that, overall, reserves have not yet achieved their stated goals of increasing the density of lobster and other benthic invertebrates, nor increasing lobster catches. A lack of clear ecological and socioeconomic effects likely results from a combination of factors. First, some of these reserves might be too young for the effects to show (reserves were 6-10 years old). Second, the reserves are not large enough to protect mobile species, like lobster. Third, variable and extreme oceanographic conditions have impacted harvested populations. Fourth, local fisheries are already well managed, and while reserves may protect populations within its boundaries, it is unlikely that reserves might have a detectable effect in catches. However, even small reserves are expected to provide benefits for sedentary invertebrates over longer time frames, with continued protection. These reserves may provide a foundation for establishing additional, larger marine reserves needed to effectively conserve mobile species.read more
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Local support for conservation is associated with perceptions of good governance, social impacts, and ecological effectiveness
Antonio Calò,Marco Milazzo +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a survey of small-scale fishermen in 11 marine protected areas from six countries in the Mediterranean Sea was conducted to evaluate their perceptions of ecological effectiveness, social impacts, and good governance.
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Incentivizing co-management for impact: mechanisms driving the successful national expansion of Tonga's Special Management Area program
Patrick F. Smallhorn-West,Patrick F. Smallhorn-West,Jason Sheehan,Siola'a Malimali,Tu'ikolongahau Halafihi,Tom C. L. Bridge,Tom C. L. Bridge,Robert L. Pressey,Geoffrey P. Jones +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss and analyze key characteristics of Tonga's Special Management Area (SMA) program, including both the mechanisms that have motivated its successful national expansion and its ability to configure no-take reserves in areas that are considered to have high value to resource users.
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Political making of more-than-fishers through their involvement in ecological monitoring of protected areas
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined fishers' involvement in ecological monitoring of a marine protected area network in Baja California Sur, Mexico, organized since 2012 by the Mexican non-governmental organization Niparaja.
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Community management yields positive impacts for coastal fisheries resources and biodiversity conservation
Patrick F. Smallhorn-West,Patrick F. Smallhorn-West,Karen Stone,Daniela M. Ceccarelli,Siola'a Malimali,Tu'ikolongahau Halafihi,Tom C. L. Bridge,Tom C. L. Bridge,Robert L. Pressey,Geoffrey P. Jones +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used statistical matching to conduct a rigorous impact evaluation of dual management systems on coral reef fishes in Tonga, with communities having both full no-take areas and areas of exclusive fishing rights.
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Positive Social-Ecological Feedbacks in Community-Based Conservation
Anastasia C. E. Quintana,Alfredo Giron-Nava,Samuel S. Urmy,Alli N. Cramer,Santiago Domínguez-Sánchez,Salvador Rodríguez-Van Dyck,Octavio Aburto-Oropeza,Xavier Basurto,Amy Hudson Weaver +8 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors theoretically and empirically explore a model of short-term area-based conservation that prioritizes adaptive co-management: temporary areas closed to fishing, designed by the fishers they affect, approved by the government, and adapted every five years.
References
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Status and Solutions for the World’s Unassessed Fisheries
Christopher Costello,Daniel Ovando,Ray Hilborn,Steven D. Gaines,Olivier Deschenes,Sarah E. Lester +5 more
TL;DR: It is found that small unass assessed fisheries are in substantially worse condition than assessed fisheries, but that large unassessed fisheries may be performing nearly as well as their assessed counterparts.
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Capacity shortfalls hinder the performance of marine protected areas globally
David Gill,Michael B. Mascia,Gabby N. Ahmadia,Louise Glew,Sarah E. Lester,Megan Barnes,Ian D. Craigie,Emily S. Darling,Christopher M. Free,Jonas Geldmann,Susie Holst,Olaf P. Jensen,Alan T. White,Xavier Basurto,Lauren Coad,Ruth D. Gates,Greg Guannel,Peter J. Mumby,Hannah Thomas,Sarah Whitmee,Stephen Woodley,Helen E. Fox +21 more
TL;DR: It is reported that many MPAs failed to meet thresholds for effective and equitable management processes, with widespread shortfalls in staff and financial resources; continued global expansion of MPAs without adequate investment in human and financial capacity is likely to lead to sub-optimal conservation outcomes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Decadal trends in marine reserves reveal differential rates of change in direct and indirect effects
Russell C. Babcock,Nick T. Shears,Angel C. Alcala,Neville S. Barrett,Graham J. Edgar,Kevin D. Lafferty,Tim R. McClanahan,Garry R. Russ +7 more
TL;DR: Populations of directly targeted species were more stable in reserves than in fished areas, suggesting increased ecologic resilience, an important benefit of marine reserves with respect to their function as a tool for conservation and restoration.
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The Renaissance of Community-Based Marine Resource Management in Oceania
R. E. Johannes,Tyndall Court +1 more
TL;DR: Today’s CBMRM is a form of cooperative management, but one in which the community still makes and acts upon most of the management decisions, refuting the claim that traditional non-Western attitudes toward nature cannot provide a sound foundation for contemporary natural resource management.
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Marine reserves can mitigate and promote adaptation to climate change.
Callum M. Roberts,Bethan Christine O'Leary,Douglas J. McCauley,Philippe Cury,Carlos M. Duarte,Jane Lubchenco,Daniel Pauly,Andrea Sáenz-Arroyo,Ussif Rashid Sumaila,Rod W. Wilson,Boris Worm,Juan Carlos Castilla +11 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that marine reserves are a viable low-tech, cost-effective adaptation strategy that would yield multiple cobenefits from local to global scales, improving the outlook for the environment and people into the future.