Journal ArticleDOI
Status and Solutions for the World’s Unassessed Fisheries
Christopher Costello,Daniel Ovando,Ray Hilborn,Steven D. Gaines,Olivier Deschenes,Sarah E. Lester +5 more
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TLDR
It is found that small unass assessed fisheries are in substantially worse condition than assessed fisheries, but that large unassessed fisheries may be performing nearly as well as their assessed counterparts.Abstract:
Recent reports suggest that many well-assessed fisheries in developed countries are moving toward sustainability. We examined whether the same conclusion holds for fisheries lacking formal assessment, which comprise >80% of global catch. We developed a method using species' life-history, catch, and fishery development data to estimate the status of thousands of unassessed fisheries worldwide. We found that small unassessed fisheries are in substantially worse condition than assessed fisheries, but that large unassessed fisheries may be performing nearly as well as their assessed counterparts. Both small and large stocks, however, continue to decline; 64% of unassessed stocks could provide increased sustainable harvest if rebuilt. Our results suggest that global fishery recovery would simultaneously create increases in abundance (56%) and fishery yields (8 to 40%).read more
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Global diets link environmental sustainability and human health
David Tilman,Michael Clark +1 more
TL;DR: Alternative diets that offer substantial health benefits could, if widely adopted, reduce global agricultural greenhouse gas emissions, reduce land clearing and resultant species extinctions, and help prevent such diet-related chronic non-communicable diseases.
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Extinction risk and conservation of the world's sharks and rays
Nicholas K. Dulvy,Sarah L. Fowler,John A. Musick,Rachel D. Cavanagh,Peter M. Kyne,Lucy R. Harrison,John K. Carlson,Lindsay Davidson,Sonja V. Fordham,Malcolm P. Francis,Caroline M. Pollock,Colin A. Simpfendorfer,George H. Burgess,Kent E. Carpenter,Leonard J. V. Compagno,David A. Ebert,Claudine Gibson,Michelle R. Heupel,Suzanne R. Livingstone,Jonnell C. Sanciangco,John D. Stevens,Sarah Valenti,William T. White +22 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the first systematic analysis of threat for a globally distributed lineage of 1,041 chondrichthyan fishes (sharks, rays, and chimaeras).
Journal ArticleDOI
Safeguarding human health in the Anthropocene epoch: report of The Rockefeller Foundation–Lancet Commission on planetary health
Sarah Whitmee,Andy Haines,Chris Beyrer,Frederick Boltz,Anthony Capon,Braulio Ferreira de Souza Dias,Alex Ezeh,Howard Frumkin,Peng Gong,Peter Head,Richard Horton,Georgina M. Mace,Robert Marten,Robert Marten,Samuel S. Myers,Sania Nishtar,Steven A. Osofsky,Subhrendu K. Pattanayak,Montira J Pongsiri,Cristina Romanelli,Agnes Soucat,Jeanette Vega,Derek Yach +22 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify three categories of challenges that have to be addressed to maintain and enhance human health in the face of increasingly harmful environmental trends: conceptual and empathy failures (imagination challenges), such as an overreliance on gross domestic product as a measure of human progress, the failure to account for future health and environmental harms over present day gains, and the disproportionate eff ect of those harms on the poor and those in developing nations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Signature of ocean warming in global fisheries catch
TL;DR: This study shows that ocean warming has already affected global fisheries in the past four decades, highlighting the immediate need to develop adaptation plans to minimize the effect of such warming on the economy and food security of coastal communities, particularly in tropical regions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparative analysis of environmental impacts of agricultural production systems, agricultural input efficiency, and food choice
Abstract: Global agricultural feeds over 7 billion people, but is also a leading cause of environmental degradation. Understanding how alternative agricultural production systems, agricultural input efficiency, and food choice drive environmental degradation is necessary for reducing agriculture's environmental impacts. A meta-analysis of life cycle assessments that includes 742 agricultural systems and over 90 unique foods produced primarily in high-input systems shows that, per unit of food, organic systems require more land, cause more eutrophication, use less energy, but emit similar greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) as conventional systems; that grass-fed beef requires more land and emits similar GHG emissions as grain-feed beef; and that low-input aquaculture and non-trawling fisheries have much lower GHG emissions than trawling fisheries. In addition, our analyses show that increasing agricultural input efficiency (the amount of food produced per input of fertilizer or feed) would have environmental benefits for both crop and livestock systems. Further, for all environmental indicators and nutritional units examined, plant-based foods have the lowest environmental impacts; eggs, dairy, pork, poultry, non-trawling fisheries, and non-recirculating aquaculture have intermediate impacts; and ruminant meat has impacts ~100 times those of plant-based foods. Our analyses show that dietary shifts towards low-impact foods and increases in agricultural input use efficiency would offer larger environmental benefits than would switches from conventional agricultural systems to alternatives such as organic agriculture or grass-fed beef.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Global food demand and the sustainable intensification of agriculture
TL;DR: Per capita demand for crops, when measured as caloric or protein content of all crops combined, has been a similarly increasing function of per capita real income since 1960 and forecasts a 100–110% increase in global crop demand from 2005 to 2050.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fishing Down Marine Food Webs
TL;DR: The mean trophic level of the species groups reported in Food and Agricultural Organization global fisheries statistics declined from 1950 to 1994, and results indicate that present exploitation patterns are unsustainable.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem services.
Boris Worm,Edward B. Barbier,Nicola Beaumont,J. Emmett Duffy,Carl Folke,Carl Folke,Benjamin S. Halpern,Jeremy B. C. Jackson,Jeremy B. C. Jackson,Heike K. Lotze,Fiorenza Micheli,Stephen R. Palumbi,Enric Sala,Kimberley A. Selkoe,John J. Stachowicz,Reg Watson +15 more
TL;DR: The authors analyzed local experiments, long-term regional time series, and global fisheries data to test how biodiversity loss affects marine ecosystem services across temporal and spatial scales, concluding that marine biodiversity loss is increasingly impairing the ocean's capacity to provide food, maintain water quality, and recover from perturbations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Smearing Estimate: A Nonparametric Retransformation Method
TL;DR: The smearing estimate as discussed by the authors is a nonparametric estimate of the expected response on the untransformed scale after fitting a linear regression model on a transformed scale, which is consistent under mild regularity conditions, and usually attains high efficiency relative to parametric estimates.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rebuilding Global Fisheries
Boris Worm,Ray Hilborn,Julia K. Baum,Trevor A. Branch,Jeremy S. Collie,Christopher Costello,Michael J. Fogarty,Elizabeth A. Fulton,Jeffrey A. Hutchings,Simon Jennings,Simon Jennings,Olaf P. Jensen,Heike K. Lotze,Pamela M. Mace,Tim R. McClanahan,Cóilín Minto,Stephen R. Palumbi,Ana M. Parma,Daniel Ricard,Andrew Rosenberg,Reg Watson,Dirk Zeller +21 more
TL;DR: Current trends in world fisheries are analyzed from a fisheries and conservation perspective, finding that 63% of assessed fish stocks worldwide still require rebuilding, and even lower exploitation rates are needed to reverse the collapse of vulnerable species.
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Rebuilding Global Fisheries
Boris Worm,Ray Hilborn,Julia K. Baum,Trevor A. Branch,Jeremy S. Collie,Christopher Costello,Michael J. Fogarty,Elizabeth A. Fulton,Jeffrey A. Hutchings,Simon Jennings,Simon Jennings,Olaf P. Jensen,Heike K. Lotze,Pamela M. Mace,Tim R. McClanahan,Cóilín Minto,Stephen R. Palumbi,Ana M. Parma,Daniel Ricard,Andrew Rosenberg,Reg Watson,Dirk Zeller +21 more