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An Overview of Heart Rate Variability Metrics and Norms.

TLDR
Current perspectives on the mechanisms that generate 24 h, short-term (<5 min), and ultra-short-term HRV are reviewed, and the importance of HRV, and its implications for health and performance are reviewed.
Abstract
Healthy biological systems exhibit complex patterns of variability that can be described by mathematical chaos. Heart rate variability (HRV) consists of changes in the time intervals between consecutive heartbeats called interbeat intervals (IBIs). A healthy heart is not a metronome. The oscillations of a healthy heart are complex and constantly changing, which allow the cardiovascular system to rapidly adjust to sudden physical and psychological challenges to homeostasis. This article briefly reviews current perspectives on the mechanisms that generate 24 h, short-term (~5 min), and ultra-short-term (<5 min) HRV, the importance of HRV, and its implications for health and performance. The authors provide an overview of widely-used HRV time-domain, frequency-domain, and non-linear metrics. Time-domain indices quantify the amount of HRV observed during monitoring periods that may range from ~2 min to 24 h. Frequency-domain values calculate the absolute or relative amount of signal energy within component bands. Non-linear measurements quantify the unpredictability and complexity of a series of IBIs. The authors survey published normative values for clinical, healthy, and optimal performance populations. They stress the importance of measurement context, including recording period length, subject age, and sex, on baseline HRV values. They caution that 24 h, short-term, and ultra-short-term normative values are not interchangeable. They encourage professionals to supplement published norms with findings from their own specialized populations. Finally, the authors provide an overview of HRV assessment strategies for clinical and optimal performance interventions.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Straight to the Heart Of Your Target Audience - Personalized Advertising Systems Based On Wearable Technology and Heart-Rate Variability

TL;DR: There are several psychological theories that suggest matching message content with the audience's personal dispositions or emotional states increases message effectiveness, and advertisers often struggle to segment and target their audience in a reliable, timely, and effective manner.
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Indices of association between anxiety and mindfulness: a guide for future mindfulness studies.

TL;DR: A model suggesting a comprehensive scheme through which mindfulness and anxiety may interact through emotion regulation is proposed, where a stressor can trigger the activation of amygdala which activates the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) pathway.
Journal ArticleDOI

The heart, brain, and body of marketing: Complementary roles of neurophysiological measures in tracking emotions, memory, and ad effectiveness

TL;DR: In this article , the inter-beat interval was associated with emotional valence and skin conductance response, while self-reported arousal and interbeat interval at both the aggregate and frame level were associated with ad recognition, but selfreported valence was not.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Measuring agreement in method comparison studies

TL;DR: The 95% limits of agreement, estimated by mean difference 1.96 standard deviation of the differences, provide an interval within which 95% of differences between measurements by the two methods are expected to lie.
Journal ArticleDOI

Power spectrum analysis of heart rate fluctuation: a quantitative probe of beat-to-beat cardiovascular control

TL;DR: It is shown that sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous activity make frequency-specific contributions to the heart rate power spectrum, and that renin-angiotensin system activity strongly modulates the amplitude of the spectral peak located at 0.04 hertz.
Journal ArticleDOI

Power spectral analysis of heart rate and arterial pressure variabilities as a marker of sympatho-vagal interaction in man and conscious dog.

TL;DR: The spontaneous beat-to-beat oscillation in R-R interval during control recumbent position, 90° upright tilt, controlled respiration and acute and chronic β-adrenergic receptor blockade was analyzed, indicating that sympathetic nerves to the heart are instrumental in the genesis of low-frequency oscillations in R -R interval.
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Trending Questions (1)
What are healthy ranges for heartrate variability?

The paper provides an overview of HRV metrics and norms but does not specifically mention healthy ranges for heart rate variability.