An Overview of Heart Rate Variability Metrics and Norms.
Fred Shaffer,Jay P. Ginsberg +1 more
TLDR
Current perspectives on the mechanisms that generate 24 h, short-term (<5 min), and ultra-short-term HRV are reviewed, and the importance of HRV, and its implications for health and performance are reviewed.Abstract:
Healthy biological systems exhibit complex patterns of variability that can be described by mathematical chaos. Heart rate variability (HRV) consists of changes in the time intervals between consecutive heartbeats called interbeat intervals (IBIs). A healthy heart is not a metronome. The oscillations of a healthy heart are complex and constantly changing, which allow the cardiovascular system to rapidly adjust to sudden physical and psychological challenges to homeostasis. This article briefly reviews current perspectives on the mechanisms that generate 24 h, short-term (~5 min), and ultra-short-term (<5 min) HRV, the importance of HRV, and its implications for health and performance. The authors provide an overview of widely-used HRV time-domain, frequency-domain, and non-linear metrics. Time-domain indices quantify the amount of HRV observed during monitoring periods that may range from ~2 min to 24 h. Frequency-domain values calculate the absolute or relative amount of signal energy within component bands. Non-linear measurements quantify the unpredictability and complexity of a series of IBIs. The authors survey published normative values for clinical, healthy, and optimal performance populations. They stress the importance of measurement context, including recording period length, subject age, and sex, on baseline HRV values. They caution that 24 h, short-term, and ultra-short-term normative values are not interchangeable. They encourage professionals to supplement published norms with findings from their own specialized populations. Finally, the authors provide an overview of HRV assessment strategies for clinical and optimal performance interventions.read more
Citations
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Wearable Sensors for Assessing the Role of Olfactory Training on the Autonomic Response to Olfactory Stimulation.
Alessandro Tonacci,Lucia Billeci,Irene Di Mambro,Roberto Marangoni,Chiara Sanmartin,Francesca Venturi +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a group of university students to whom olfactory training lasting 3 months was administered, and the analysis of electrocardiogram (ECG) and galvanic skin response (GSR) signals at the beginning and at the end of the training period, they observed different autonomic responses, with higher parasympathetically-mediated response with respect to the first evaluation, suggesting that an increased familiarity to the proposed stimuli would lead to a higher tendency towards relaxation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of high-intensity intervals and moderate-intensity exercise on baroreceptor sensitivity and heart rate variability during recovery.
Joel S. Burma,Paige Copeland,Alannah Macaulay,Alannah Macaulay,Omeet Khatra,Jonathan D. Smirl +5 more
TL;DR: Previously a 12-hour minimum restriction from exercise was required before participation in HRV/BRS studies • Recovery from moderate-intensity exercise for HRV and BRS metrics was <60 minutes; whereas, high-intensity intervals led to alterations for approximately 60 minutes • Spontaneous HRVs demonstrated high levels of within-day reproducibility.
Journal ArticleDOI
Autonomic control is a source of dynamical chaos in the cardiovascular system
Anatoly S. Karavaev,Anatoly S. Karavaev,Anatoly S. Karavaev,Yu. M. Ishbulatov,Yu. M. Ishbulatov,Vladimir I. Ponomarenko,Vladimir I. Ponomarenko,Boris P. Bezruchko,Boris P. Bezruchko,Anton R. Kiselev,Anton R. Kiselev,Mikhail D. Prokhorov +11 more
TL;DR: The largest Lyapunov exponent and the correlation dimension for the 4-h experimental interbeat intervals and the chaotic signals generated by the mathematical model of the cardiovascular system are estimated.
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Implementing Mobile HRV Biofeedback as Adjunctive Therapy During Inpatient Psychiatric Rehabilitation Facilitates Recovery of Depressive Symptoms and Enhances Autonomic Functioning Short-Term: A 1-Year Pre-Post-intervention Follow-Up Pilot Study.
TL;DR: HRVBF as adjuvant therapy during inpatient psychiatric rehabilitation facilitated depression recovery and emphasized HRVBF’s value as complementary therapy regardless of concurrent treatments.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Towards Wearable-based Hypoglycemia Detection and Warning in Diabetes
Martin Maritsch,Simon Föll,Vera Lehmann,Caterina Bérubé,Mathias Kraus,Stefan Feuerriegel,Tobias Kowatsch,Thomas Züger,Christoph Stettler,Elgar Fleisch,Felix Wortmann +10 more
TL;DR: A machine learning model to detect hypoglycemia on basis of data from smartwatch sensors gathered in a proof-of-concept study and uses SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values for feature attribution and a method for subsequently explaining the model decision in a comprehensible way on smartwatches.
References
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