An Overview of Heart Rate Variability Metrics and Norms.
Fred Shaffer,Jay P. Ginsberg +1 more
TLDR
Current perspectives on the mechanisms that generate 24 h, short-term (<5 min), and ultra-short-term HRV are reviewed, and the importance of HRV, and its implications for health and performance are reviewed.Abstract:
Healthy biological systems exhibit complex patterns of variability that can be described by mathematical chaos. Heart rate variability (HRV) consists of changes in the time intervals between consecutive heartbeats called interbeat intervals (IBIs). A healthy heart is not a metronome. The oscillations of a healthy heart are complex and constantly changing, which allow the cardiovascular system to rapidly adjust to sudden physical and psychological challenges to homeostasis. This article briefly reviews current perspectives on the mechanisms that generate 24 h, short-term (~5 min), and ultra-short-term (<5 min) HRV, the importance of HRV, and its implications for health and performance. The authors provide an overview of widely-used HRV time-domain, frequency-domain, and non-linear metrics. Time-domain indices quantify the amount of HRV observed during monitoring periods that may range from ~2 min to 24 h. Frequency-domain values calculate the absolute or relative amount of signal energy within component bands. Non-linear measurements quantify the unpredictability and complexity of a series of IBIs. The authors survey published normative values for clinical, healthy, and optimal performance populations. They stress the importance of measurement context, including recording period length, subject age, and sex, on baseline HRV values. They caution that 24 h, short-term, and ultra-short-term normative values are not interchangeable. They encourage professionals to supplement published norms with findings from their own specialized populations. Finally, the authors provide an overview of HRV assessment strategies for clinical and optimal performance interventions.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Resonance frequency is not always stable over time and could be related to the inter-beat interval.
Lluís Capdevila,Eva Parrado,Juan Ramos-Castro,Rafael Zapata-Lamana,Jaume F. Lalanza,Jaume F. Lalanza +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors found that breathing at the individualized and momentary frequency of resonance increases cardiac variability, while free slow breathing showed a lower heart rate average than RF and other slow breathing rates.
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Trends in Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability During Pregnancy and the 3-Month Postpartum Period: Continuous Monitoring in a Free-living Context
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors used hierarchical linear mixed models to analyze the trends of HR, HRV, and normalized HRV parameters during pregnancy and postpartum period, and showed that HR increased and HRV decreased as pregnancy proceeded, and the values returned to normal after delivery.
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Mutual Information Analysis of Brain-Body Interactions during different Levels of Mental stress *
Riccardo Pernice,Matteo Zanetti,Giandomenico Nollo,Mariolin De Cecco,Alessandro Busacca,Luca Faes +5 more
TL;DR: Brain-heart interactions during different mental states computing mutual information (MI) between the dynamic activity of different physiological systems are analyzed to detect correlated activity within and between brain and body systems monitored simultaneously during differentmental states.
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Understanding stress responses related to digital technologies
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a method to solve the problem of "uniformity" and "uncertainty" in the context of education.iii.iiiiii.
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Exploring How Trait Mindfulness Relates to Perceived Stress and Cardiovascular Reactivity
TL;DR: Like mindfulness interventions, trait mindfulness is associated with less global perceived stress and interactions between trait mindfulness facets that reflect attention monitoring and acceptance might predict physiological reactivity in certain contexts, though a mindful state might be necessary for most real-time cardiovascular benefits.
References
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