An Overview of Heart Rate Variability Metrics and Norms.
Fred Shaffer,Jay P. Ginsberg +1 more
TLDR
Current perspectives on the mechanisms that generate 24 h, short-term (<5 min), and ultra-short-term HRV are reviewed, and the importance of HRV, and its implications for health and performance are reviewed.Abstract:
Healthy biological systems exhibit complex patterns of variability that can be described by mathematical chaos. Heart rate variability (HRV) consists of changes in the time intervals between consecutive heartbeats called interbeat intervals (IBIs). A healthy heart is not a metronome. The oscillations of a healthy heart are complex and constantly changing, which allow the cardiovascular system to rapidly adjust to sudden physical and psychological challenges to homeostasis. This article briefly reviews current perspectives on the mechanisms that generate 24 h, short-term (~5 min), and ultra-short-term (<5 min) HRV, the importance of HRV, and its implications for health and performance. The authors provide an overview of widely-used HRV time-domain, frequency-domain, and non-linear metrics. Time-domain indices quantify the amount of HRV observed during monitoring periods that may range from ~2 min to 24 h. Frequency-domain values calculate the absolute or relative amount of signal energy within component bands. Non-linear measurements quantify the unpredictability and complexity of a series of IBIs. The authors survey published normative values for clinical, healthy, and optimal performance populations. They stress the importance of measurement context, including recording period length, subject age, and sex, on baseline HRV values. They caution that 24 h, short-term, and ultra-short-term normative values are not interchangeable. They encourage professionals to supplement published norms with findings from their own specialized populations. Finally, the authors provide an overview of HRV assessment strategies for clinical and optimal performance interventions.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Investigating sources of inaccuracy in wearable optical heart rate sensors
TL;DR: Different wearables are all reasonably accurate at resting and prolonged elevated heart rate, but that differences exist between devices in responding to changes in activity, and this has implications for researchers, clinicians, and consumers.
Journal ArticleDOI
A meta-analysis of heart rate variability in major depression.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that all HRV-measures were lower in MD than in healthy controls and thus strengthens evidence for lower HRV as a potential cardiovascular risk factor in these patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
The anatomical basis for transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation.
TL;DR: The neuroanatomy of the ABVN is explored with reference to clinical surveys examining Arnold’s reflex, cadaveric studies, fMRI studies, electrophysiological studies, acupuncture studies, retrograde tracing studies, and studies measuring changes in autonomic parameters in response to auricular tVNS.
Journal ArticleDOI
Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Emotion Detection on a Physiological Signals Dataset (AMIGOS)
Luz Santamaria-Granados,Mario Munoz-Organero,Gustavo Ramirez-Gonzalez,Enas Abdulhay,N. Arunkumar +4 more
TL;DR: The experimental results on the AMIGOS dataset show that the method proposed in this paper achieves a better precision of the classification of the emotional states, in comparison with the originally obtained by the authors of this dataset.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Review of Psychophysiological Measures to Assess Cognitive States in Real-World Driving
TL;DR: A selective review of the psychophysiological measures that can be utilized to assess cognitive states in real-world driving environments to advance the development of effective human-machine driving interfaces and driver support systems is provided.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Left ventricular remodelling in the year after myocardial infarction: an echocardiographic, haemodynamic, and radionuclide angiographic study.
Domenico Bonaduce,Mario Petretta,Gianfranco Morgano,Bruno Villari,Bianchi,Gabriele Conforti,Luigi Salemme,Sakis Themistoclakis,Achille Pulcino +8 more
TL;DR: To improve left ventricular remodelling, it appears necessary to increase the patency of the infarct-related artery and improve the diastolic loading of the left ventricle at an early stage in theinfarct.
Journal ArticleDOI
Importance of tachogram length and period of recording during noninvasive investigation of the autonomic nervous system.
TL;DR: It was found that most 3-minute HRV measures were stable during supine rest but varied during the first 3-minutes of standing, most likely due to baroreflex mediated changes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Variations in circadian heart rate in psychiatric disorders: theoretical and practical implications
TL;DR: An analysis of circadian heart rate can contribute useful physiological adjunct information to psychiatric assessment and the monitoring of patient response to treatment and to comment on their clinical relevance.
Journal Article
Autonomic nervous function in patients with peptic ulcer studied by spectral analysis of heart rate variability.
TL;DR: The results suggest that the nocturnal acceleration of LF, HF, and LF/HF is related to peptic ulcer diseases.