An Overview of Heart Rate Variability Metrics and Norms.
Fred Shaffer,Jay P. Ginsberg +1 more
TLDR
Current perspectives on the mechanisms that generate 24 h, short-term (<5 min), and ultra-short-term HRV are reviewed, and the importance of HRV, and its implications for health and performance are reviewed.Abstract:
Healthy biological systems exhibit complex patterns of variability that can be described by mathematical chaos. Heart rate variability (HRV) consists of changes in the time intervals between consecutive heartbeats called interbeat intervals (IBIs). A healthy heart is not a metronome. The oscillations of a healthy heart are complex and constantly changing, which allow the cardiovascular system to rapidly adjust to sudden physical and psychological challenges to homeostasis. This article briefly reviews current perspectives on the mechanisms that generate 24 h, short-term (~5 min), and ultra-short-term (<5 min) HRV, the importance of HRV, and its implications for health and performance. The authors provide an overview of widely-used HRV time-domain, frequency-domain, and non-linear metrics. Time-domain indices quantify the amount of HRV observed during monitoring periods that may range from ~2 min to 24 h. Frequency-domain values calculate the absolute or relative amount of signal energy within component bands. Non-linear measurements quantify the unpredictability and complexity of a series of IBIs. The authors survey published normative values for clinical, healthy, and optimal performance populations. They stress the importance of measurement context, including recording period length, subject age, and sex, on baseline HRV values. They caution that 24 h, short-term, and ultra-short-term normative values are not interchangeable. They encourage professionals to supplement published norms with findings from their own specialized populations. Finally, the authors provide an overview of HRV assessment strategies for clinical and optimal performance interventions.read more
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A meta-analysis of heart rate variability in major depression.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that all HRV-measures were lower in MD than in healthy controls and thus strengthens evidence for lower HRV as a potential cardiovascular risk factor in these patients.
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The anatomical basis for transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation.
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Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Emotion Detection on a Physiological Signals Dataset (AMIGOS)
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TL;DR: The experimental results on the AMIGOS dataset show that the method proposed in this paper achieves a better precision of the classification of the emotional states, in comparison with the originally obtained by the authors of this dataset.
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Heart Rate Variability from Short Electrocardiographic Recordings Predicts Mortality from All Causes in Middle-aged and Elderly Men The Zutphen Study
Jacqueline M. Dekker,Evert G. Schouten,Peter Klootwijk,Jan Pool,Cees A. Swenne,Daan Kromhout +5 more
TL;DR: In middle-aged men and probably in elderly men, low heart rate variability is predictive of mortality from all causes, which suggests that low heart rates variability is an indicator of compromised health in the general population.
Journal ArticleDOI
Heart rate variability biofeedback: how and why does it work?
Paul M. Lehrer,Richard Gevirtz +1 more
TL;DR: This article reviews the effect on the vagal afferent pathway to the frontal cortical areas has been proposed and other possible mechanisms that might explain the positive effects of HRVB.
Book
Human Baroreflexes in Health and Disease
Dwain L. Eckberg,Peter Sleight +1 more
TL;DR: Part A: General considerations: Introduction History Baroreflex anatomy Part B: Methods for Human Research: Valvalva's manoeuvre Selective methods Part C: Physiology: Afferent baroreceptor activity Reflex interactions Efferent barOREflex responses Effector responses to barorecept forcings.
Journal ArticleDOI
Circadian profile of cardiac autonomic nervous modulation in healthy subjects: differing effects of aging and gender on heart rate variability.
Hendrik Bonnemeier,Uwe K.H. Wiegand,Axel Brandes,Nina Kluge,Hugo A. Katus,Gert Richardt,Jürgen Potratz +6 more
TL;DR: Although heart rate variability has been established as a tool to study cardiac autonomic activity, almost no data are available on the circadian patterns of HRV in healthy subjects aged 20 to 70 years.
Journal ArticleDOI
Time domain, geometrical and frequency domain analysis of cardiac vagal outflow: effects of various respiratory patterns.
Jani Penttilä,Antti Helminen,Tuomas Jartti,Tom Kuusela,Heikki V. Huikuri,Mikko P. Tulppo,René Coffeng,Harry Scheinin,Harry Scheinin +8 more
TL;DR: The quantitative geometrical analysis of short-term RRI variability from the Poincaré plots and the time domain measure RMSSD were not significantly affected by changes in the breathing rate, suggesting that these indices are more suitable for the measurement of cardiac vagal outflow during the 'free-running' ambulatory conditions.