An Overview of Heart Rate Variability Metrics and Norms.
Fred Shaffer,Jay P. Ginsberg +1 more
TLDR
Current perspectives on the mechanisms that generate 24 h, short-term (<5 min), and ultra-short-term HRV are reviewed, and the importance of HRV, and its implications for health and performance are reviewed.Abstract:
Healthy biological systems exhibit complex patterns of variability that can be described by mathematical chaos. Heart rate variability (HRV) consists of changes in the time intervals between consecutive heartbeats called interbeat intervals (IBIs). A healthy heart is not a metronome. The oscillations of a healthy heart are complex and constantly changing, which allow the cardiovascular system to rapidly adjust to sudden physical and psychological challenges to homeostasis. This article briefly reviews current perspectives on the mechanisms that generate 24 h, short-term (~5 min), and ultra-short-term (<5 min) HRV, the importance of HRV, and its implications for health and performance. The authors provide an overview of widely-used HRV time-domain, frequency-domain, and non-linear metrics. Time-domain indices quantify the amount of HRV observed during monitoring periods that may range from ~2 min to 24 h. Frequency-domain values calculate the absolute or relative amount of signal energy within component bands. Non-linear measurements quantify the unpredictability and complexity of a series of IBIs. The authors survey published normative values for clinical, healthy, and optimal performance populations. They stress the importance of measurement context, including recording period length, subject age, and sex, on baseline HRV values. They caution that 24 h, short-term, and ultra-short-term normative values are not interchangeable. They encourage professionals to supplement published norms with findings from their own specialized populations. Finally, the authors provide an overview of HRV assessment strategies for clinical and optimal performance interventions.read more
Citations
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Heart Rate Variability and Exceptional Longevity
Adrián Hernández-Vicente,David Hernando,Alejandro Santos-Lozano,Gabriel Rodríguez-Romo,Germán Vicente-Rodríguez,Esther Pueyo,Raquel Bailon,Nuria Garatachea +7 more
TL;DR: HRV indices reflecting parasympathetic outflow as well as SDNN and LF all present an age-related reduction, which could be representative of a natural exhaustion of allostatic systems related to age, and low SDNN values (<19 ms) could be associated with early mortality in centenarians.
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Is There an Optimal Autonomic State for Enhanced Flow and Executive Task Performance
TL;DR: The results support the flow theory of human performance in which the ideal autonomic state lies at the peak of an inverted-U function, and extremes at either end lead to both suboptimal flow experience and cognitive task performance, which was maximized at the bottom of the U-function.
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Exposure to a sex-specific stressor mitigates sex differences in stress-induced eating.
TL;DR: The results challenge the prevailing notion that stress-induced eating of hyper palatable food is mainly found among women by finding that males also engage in such behavior if their experience leads to an adequate stress response.
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The Impact of Caring and Killing on Physiological and Psychometric Measures of Stress in Animal Shelter Employees: A Pilot Study.
TL;DR: The data suggest that the process of killing may be physiologically stressful to the person, and higher levels of animal contact in a euthanasia context may be associated with burnout and traumatic stress, but that the act of euthanasia is not a unique predictor of overall occupational distress.
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Non-Technical Skill Assessment and Mental Load Evaluation in Robot-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery.
TL;DR: In this article, a literature search in PubMed, Scopus and PsycNet databases was conducted for relevant scientific publications, including non-technical skill assessment and mental/cognitive load and workload estimation in RAMIS.
References
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Heart rate variability. Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use
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Massimo Pagani,Federico Lombardi,Stefano Guzzetti,Ornella Rimoldi,Raffaello Furlan,Paolo Pizzinelli,Giulia Sandrone,Gabriella Malfatto,Simonetta Dell’Orto,E Piccaluga +9 more
TL;DR: The spontaneous beat-to-beat oscillation in R-R interval during control recumbent position, 90° upright tilt, controlled respiration and acute and chronic β-adrenergic receptor blockade was analyzed, indicating that sympathetic nerves to the heart are instrumental in the genesis of low-frequency oscillations in R -R interval.