Journal ArticleDOI
An update on vitamin D and human immunity.
TLDR
The conclusion from these reports is that many nonclassical actions of vitamin D are independent of conventional vitamin D endocrinology and are therefore more sensitive to variations in vitamin D status.Abstract:
In the last 5 years, there has been a remarkable change in our understanding of the health benefits of vitamin D. The classical actions of vitamin D as a determinant of mineral metabolism and rachitic bone disease have been expanded to include a broader role in skeletal homoeostasis and prevalent bone disorders such as osteoporosis. However, it is the nonskeletal function of vitamin D that has attracted most attention. Although pluripotent responses to vitamin D have been recognized for many years, our new perspective on nonclassical vitamin D function stems from two more recent concepts. The first is that impaired, vitamin D status is common to many populations across the globe. This has prompted studies to explore the health impact of suboptimal circulating levels of vitamin D, with association studies linking vitamin D 'insufficiency' to several chronic health problems including autoimmune and cardiovascular disease, hypertension and common cancers. In support of a broader role for vitamin D in human health, studies in vitro and using animal models have highlighted immunomodulatory and anticancer effects of vitamin D that appear to depend on localized activation of vitamin D. The conclusion from these reports is that many nonclassical actions of vitamin D are independent of conventional vitamin D endocrinology and are therefore more sensitive to variations in vitamin D status. The current review summarizes these developments, with specific reference to the newly identified effects of vitamin D on the immune system, but also highlights the challenges in translating these observations to clinical practice.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Vitamin D deficiency.
TL;DR: It is suggested that if assessment of overdoses were left to house doctors there would be an increase in admissions to psychiatric units, outpatients, and referrals to social services, but for house doctors to assess overdoses would provide no economy for the psychiatric or social services.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evidence that Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths.
William B. Grant,Henry Lahore,Sharon L. McDonnell,Carole A. Baggerly,Christine French,Jennifer L. Aliano,Harjit Pal Bhattoa +6 more
TL;DR: Evidence supporting the role of vitamin D in reducing risk of COVID-19 includes that the outbreak occurred in winter, a time when 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are lowest; that the number of cases in the Southern Hemisphere near the end of summer are low; that vitamin D deficiency has been found to contribute to acute respiratory distress syndrome; and that case-fatality rates increase with age and with chronic disease comorbidity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Potential Interventions for Novel Coronavirus in China: A Systematic Review
Lei Zhang,Yunhui Liu +1 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that all the potential interventions be implemented to control the emerging COVID‐19 if the infection is uncontrollable and the current children's RNA‐virus vaccines including influenza vaccine should be immunized for uninfected people and health care workers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Vitamin D and Immune Function
TL;DR: Currently available data are summarized to give an overview of the effects of vitamin D on the immune system in general and on the regulation of inflammatory responses, as well as regulatory mechanisms connected to autoimmune diseases particularly in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Review of Micronutrients and the Immune System–Working in Harmony to Reduce the Risk of Infection
TL;DR: Although contradictory data exist, available evidence indicates that supplementation with multiple micronutrients with immune-supporting roles may modulate immune function and reduce the risk of infection.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Vitamin D Deficiency
TL;DR: The role of vitamin D in skeletal and nonskeletal health is considered and strategies for the prevention and treatment ofitamin D deficiency are suggested.
Journal ArticleDOI
Functional diversity of helper T lymphocytes.
TL;DR: The existence of subsets of CD4+ helper T lymphocytes that differ in their cytokine secretion patterns and effector functions provides a framework for understanding the heterogeneity of normal and pathological immune responses.
Journal ArticleDOI
Vitamin D deficiency.
TL;DR: It is suggested that if assessment of overdoses were left to house doctors there would be an increase in admissions to psychiatric units, outpatients, and referrals to social services, but for house doctors to assess overdoses would provide no economy for the psychiatric or social services.
Journal ArticleDOI
Toll-like receptors in innate immunity.
Kiyoshi Takeda,Shizuo Akira +1 more
TL;DR: Toll-like receptors-mediated activation of innate immunity controls not only host defense against pathogens but also immune disorders, and the involvement of TLR-mediated pathways in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases has been proposed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The 2011 Report on Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D from the Institute of Medicine: What Clinicians Need to Know
A. Catharine Ross,JoAnn E. Manson,Steven A. Abrams,John F. Aloia,John F. Aloia,Patsy M. Brannon,Steven K. Clinton,Ramon Durazo-Arvizu,J. Christopher Gallagher,Richard L. Gallo,Glenville Jones,Christopher S. Kovacs,Susan Taylor Mayne,Clifford J. Rosen,Sue A. Shapses +14 more
TL;DR: The Committee concluded that the prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy in North America has been overestimated and urgent research and clinical priorities were identified, including reassessment of laboratory ranges for 25-hydroxyvitamin D, to avoid problems of both undertreatment and overtreatment.
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