Journal ArticleDOI
Antigenic variation in three distinct determinants of an influenza type A haemagglutinin molecule
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It was found that antigenic changes in individual determinants of the haemagglutinin molecule of A/PR/8/34 (H0N1) occurred with an average frequency of 10−6 per infectious dose of virus and that the three determinants described here mutated independently of each other.Abstract:
Antigenic variation in three distinct determinants of an influenza type A haemagglutinin moleculeread more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Rapid evolution of RNA genomes
John J. Holland,Katherine R. Spindler,Katherine R. Spindler,Frank M. Horodyski,Elizabeth A. Grabau,Stuart T. Nichol,Scott VandePol +6 more
TL;DR: RNA viruses show high mutation frequencies partly because of a lack of the proofreading enzymes that assure fidelity of DNA replication, and high rates of replication reflected in rates of RNA genome evolution which can be more than a millionfold greater than the rates of the DNA chromosome evolution of their hosts.
Journal ArticleDOI
The antigenic structure of the influenza virus A/PR/8/34 hemagglutinin (H1 subtype).
TL;DR: An operational antigenic map of the hemagglutinin of influenza virus A/PR/8/34 indicates the presence of five immunodominant antigenic regions exhibiting various degrees of operational linkage.
Journal ArticleDOI
Viral escape by selection of cytotoxic T cell-resistant virus variants in vivo
Hanspeter Pircher,Demetrius Moskophidis,Urs Hoffmann Rohrer,Kurt Bürki,Hans Hengartner,Rolf M. Zinkernagel +5 more
TL;DR: It is now shown that viruses can in principle escape the immunosurveillance of virus-specific cytotoxic T cells by mutations that alter the relevant T-cell epitope.
Journal ArticleDOI
A common neutralizing epitope conserved between the hemagglutinins of influenza A virus H1 and H2 strains.
TL;DR: Data indicated that binding of C179 to the stem region of HA inhibits the fusion activity of HA and thus results in virus neutralization and inhibition of cell-cell fusion and is the first report which describes the presence of conserved antigenic sites on HA not only in a specific subtype but also in two subtypes of influenza A virus.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular mechanisms of variation in influenza viruses
TL;DR: This review summarizes recent information on the structure of the genes and their products, the way in which these vary and the effects of the changes on the biological activities of the virus.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Disquisitions on original antigenic sin : i. evidence in man
TL;DR: The basic difference between primary and secondary reactivity rests on the presence of a trapping mechanism that allows anamnestic production of antibody against lower doses of the homologous antigen, thus preventing a standard primary response and allowing manifestations of Original Antigenic Sin.
Journal ArticleDOI
Production of antibodies against influenza virus by somatic cell hybrids between mouse myeloma and primed spleen cells
TL;DR: The somatic cell hybrids between mouse myeloma cells and spleen cells derived from a BALB/c mouse immunized with purified influenza virus found to produce large amounts of antibodies specific for the hemagglutinin of the virus.
Journal ArticleDOI
An Improved Assay for the Infectivity of Influenza Viruses
TL;DR: The standard tests for infectivity of influenza viruses in eggs or mice have two major shortcomings: first, the host systems are known to be inhomogeneous, i.e. the response does not depend solely on the dose; and second, this variation from host to host cannot be assessed independently.
Book ChapterDOI
Antigenic, Adaptive and Adsorptive Variants of the Influenza a Hemagglutinin
S. Fazekas,St. Groth +1 more
TL;DR: An analysis of mutants obtained by various selection procedures in the laboratory and comparison of these findings with what happens in Nature, by intention at least, a synthesis are presented.