Journal ArticleDOI
ATR and ATM play both distinct and additive roles in response to ionizing radiation.
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TLDR
Both ATM and ATR contribute to the induction of a CYCB1;1:GUS fusion by IR, but only ATR is required for the persistence of this response, and it is proposed that this upregulation of CYCB 1;1 does not reflect the accumulation of cells in G(2), but instead reflects a still unknown role for this cyclin in DNA damage response.Abstract:
The ATR and ATM protein kinases are known to be involved in a wide variety of responses to DNA damage. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome includes both ATR and ATM orthologs, and plants with null alleles of these genes are viable. Arabidopsis atr and atm mutants display hypersensitivity to gamma-irradiation. To further characterize the roles of ATM and ATR in response to ionizing radiation, we performed a short-term global transcription analysis in wild-type and mutant lines. We found that hundreds of genes are upregulated in response to gamma-irradiation, and that the induction of virtually all of these genes is dependent on ATM, but not ATR. The transcript of CYCB1;1 is unique among the cyclin transcripts in being rapidly and powerfully upregulated in response to ionizing radiation, while other G(2)-associated transcripts are suppressed. We found that both ATM and ATR contribute to the induction of a CYCB1;1:GUS fusion by IR, but only ATR is required for the persistence of this response. We propose that this upregulation of CYCB1;1 does not reflect the accumulation of cells in G(2), but instead reflects a still unknown role for this cyclin in DNA damage response.read more
Citations
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Signal Transduction in Responses to UV-B Radiation
TL;DR: Photomorphogenic signaling stimulates the expression of genes involved in UV-protection and hence promotes plant survival inUV-B, and is mediated by the UV-B-specific component UV RESISTANCE LOCUS8 (UVR8).
Journal ArticleDOI
A role for small RNAs in DNA double-strand break repair.
Wei Wei,Zhaoqing Ba,Min Gao,Yang Wu,Yanting Ma,Simon Amiard,Charles I. White,Jannie M. Rendtlew Danielsen,Jannie M. Rendtlew Danielsen,Yun-Gui Yang,Yijun Qi +10 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that diRNAs may function as guide molecules directing chromatin modifications or the recruitment of protein complexes to DSB sites to facilitate repair.
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The ins and outs of the plant cell cycle
TL;DR: How intrinsic developmental signals and environmental cues affect cell-cycle entry and exit contributes to growth, cell differentiation and the formation of new tissues and organs is discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Programmed induction of endoreduplication by DNA double-strand breaks in Arabidopsis
Sumiko Adachi,Kazunori Minamisawa,Yoko Okushima,Soichi Inagaki,Kaoru Yoshiyama,Youichi Kondou,Eli Kaminuma,Mika Kawashima,Tetsuro Toyoda,Minami Matsui,Daisuke Kurihara,Sachihiro Matsunaga,Masaaki Umeda +12 more
TL;DR: It is shown that in Arabidopsis, endoreduplication is induced by DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), but not directly by DNA replication stress, suggesting that plants have evolved a distinct strategy to sustain growth under genotoxic stress.
Journal ArticleDOI
Suppressor of gamma response 1 (SOG1) encodes a putative transcription factor governing multiple responses to DNA damage.
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that SOG1 encoded a putative transcription factor for up-regulation in Arabidopsis sog1-1 mutants, which is a member of the NAC domain [petunia NAM (no apical meristem) and the ATAF1, 2 and CUC2] family.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
GUS fusions: beta‐glucuronidase as a sensitive and versatile gene fusion marker in higher plants.
TL;DR: GUS is very stable, and tissue extracts continue to show high levels of GUS activity after prolonged storage, and Histochemical analysis has been used to demonstrate the localization of gene activity in cells and tissues of transformed plants.
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Molecular Mechanisms of Mammalian DNA Repair and the DNA Damage Checkpoints
TL;DR: The molecular mechanisms of DNA repair and the DNA damage checkpoints in mammalian cells are analyzed and apoptosis, which eliminates heavily damaged or seriously deregulated cells, is analyzed.
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Cell cycle checkpoint signaling through the ATM and ATR kinases
TL;DR: These checkpoints contain, as their most proximal signaling elements, sensor proteins that scan chromatin for partially replicated DNA, DNA strand breaks, or other abnormalities, and translate these DNA-derived stimuli into biochemical signals that modulate the functions of specific downstream target proteins.
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Molecular and evolutionary basis of the cellular stress response
TL;DR: Functional analysis of the minimal stress proteome yields information about key aspects of the cellular stress response, including physiological mechanisms of sensing membrane lipid, protein, and DNA damage; redox sensing and regulation; cell cycle control; macromolecular stabilization/repair; and control of energy metabolism.
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ATR and ATRIP: Partners in Checkpoint Signaling
TL;DR: The identification of an ATR-interacting protein (ATRIP) that is phosphorylated by ATR, regulates ATR expression, and is an essential component of the DNA damage checkpoint pathway is reported.