Journal ArticleDOI
Bias in evaluating the effects of marine protected areas: the importance of baseline data for the Galapagos Marine Reserve
Graham J. Edgar,Rodrigo H. Bustamante,Jose Farina,Monica Calvopiña,Camilo Martinez,M.V. Toral-Granda +5 more
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TLDR
In the Galapagos Marine Reserve, this article found that the densities of the most valuable fishery resource, sea cucumbers, were three times higher in zones that remained open to fishing compared to 'no-take' conservation zones.Abstract:
Analysis of ecological baseline data collected for key resource species within the Galapagos Marine Reserve indicates that variation in animal density associated with the location of fully protected zones can be comparable to protected area effects. Even with a high level of interspersion between conservation, tourism and fishing management zones, major differences in densities of economically important species were evident between zone types prior to enforcement of fishing restrictions. Densities of the most valuable fishery resource, sea cucumbers, were three times higher in zones that remained open to fishing compared to 'no-take' conservation zones, and densities of sharks were five times higher in tourism zones than fishing or conservation zones. These results highlight bias in the socio-political processes that can accompany selection of marine protected areas, where fishers attempt to minimize perceived impacts on their livelihood by locating large protected zones in resource-poor areas, and tourism operators and sport divers argue for protection of areas containing atypically-interesting features. Bias in the location of fully protected zones can seriously confound 'control-impact' field investigations when data prior to prohibitions on fishing are lacking, including meta-analyses, which are dominated by such potentially systematically biased studies.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Ecological Performance of Protected Areas
TL;DR: A large and rapidly expanding literature bears on these issues, but it is highly fragmented, principally comprises particular case studies, and employs a diverse array of approaches as mentioned in this paper, and the major problems that remain unresolved.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ongoing global biodiversity loss and the need to move beyond protected areas: a review of the technical and practical shortcomings of protected areas on land and sea
Camilo Mora,Peter F. Sale +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors use a broad range of data and a review of the literature to show that the effectiveness of existing, and the current pace of the establishment of new, protected areas will not be able to overcome current trends of loss of marine and terrestrial biodiversity.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Global Analysis of the Effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas in Preventing Coral Loss
Elizabeth R. Selig,John F. Bruno +1 more
TL;DR: It is found that on average, coral cover within MPAs remained constant, while coral cover on unprotected reefs declined, which suggests that MPAs can be a useful tool not only for fisheries management, but also for maintaining coral cover.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessing the effects of marine protected area (MPA) on a reef fish assemblage in a northwestern Mediterranean marine reserve: Identifying community-based indicators
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of a no-take reserve on the reef fish assemblage in a northwestern Mediterranean example was evaluated using Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) and multivariate regression trees (MRT).
Journal ArticleDOI
Effectiveness of European Atlanto-Mediterranean MPAs: Do they accomplish the expected effects on populations, communities and ecosystems?
José Antonio García-Charton,Angel Pérez-Ruzafa,Concepción Marcos,Joachim Claudet,Fabio Badalamenti,Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi,J.M. Falcón,Marco Milazzo,Patrick J. Schembri,Ben Stobart,Frederic Vandeperre,Alberto Brito,Renato Chemello,Mark Dimech,Paolo Domenici,Ivan Guala,Laurence Le Direach,Elena Maggi,Serge Planes +18 more
TL;DR: In this article, a review of empirical studies aiming at assessing the ecological effects of Mediterranean and Macaronesian MPAs is presented, and specific recommendations are provided for MPA management, regarding the establishment of goals and objectives, site selection, MPA design and zoning, planning, and monitoring.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Large‐Scale Management Experiments and Learning by Doing
Carl J. Walters,C. S. Holling +1 more
TL;DR: Methods to develop, screen, and evaluate alternatives in a process where management itself becomes partner with science by designing probes that produce updated understanding as well as economic product are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The impact of marine reserves: do reserves work and does reserve size matter?
TL;DR: The empirical work and the theoretical literature are reviewed to assess the impacts of marine reserves on several biological measures (density, biomass, size of organisms, and diversity), paying particular attention to the role reserve size has in determining those impacts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of Marine Reserves on Adjacent Fisheries
Callum M. Roberts,Callum M. Roberts,James A. Bohnsack,Fiona R. Gell,Julie P. Hawkins,Renata Goodridge +5 more
TL;DR: It is shown that marine reserves in Florida (United States) and St. Lucia have enhanced adjacent fisheries, confirming theoretical predictions that marine reserve can play a key role in supporting fisheries.
Book
Coral reef fishes : dynamics and diversity in a complex ecosystem
TL;DR: This new edition of "Coral Reef Fishes" offers an up-to-date review of key research areas in reef fish ecology, with a bibliography including hundreds of citations, most from the last decade.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plugging a hole in the ocean: the emerging science of marine reserves1
TL;DR: This paper aims to demonstrate the efforts towards in-situ applicability of EMMARM, as to provide real-time information about the response of the immune system to infectious disease and other infectious diseases.
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