Open Access
Can a “Blue Sky” return to Indian megacities?
Prashant Kumar,Suresh Jain,Bhola R. Gurjar,Prateek Sharma,Mukesh Khare,Lidia Morawska,Rex Britter +6 more
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TLDR
In this paper, the authors discuss the challenges faced by Indian megacities in their quest for sustainable growth, without compromising the air quality and urban way of life, and discuss the solutions to these challenges.Abstract:
Deterioration of air quality in Indian megacities (Delhi, Mumbai or Kolkata) is much more significant than that observed in the megacities of developed countries. Densely packed high-rise buildings restrict the self-cleaning capabilities of Indian megacities. Also, the ever growing number of on-road vehicles, resuspension of the dust, and anthropogenic activities exacerbate the levels of ambient air pollution, which is in turn breathed by urban dwellers. Pollution levels exceeding the standards on a regular basis often result in a notable increase in morbidity and mortality. This article discusses the challenges faced by Indian megacities in their quest for sustainable growth, without compromising the air quality and urban way of life.read more
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The rise of low-cost sensing for managing air pollution in cities.
Prashant Kumar,Lidia Morawska,Claudio Martani,George Biskos,George Biskos,George Biskos,Marina Neophytou,Silvana Di Sabatino,Margaret Bell,Leslie Norford,Rex Britter +10 more
TL;DR: The drivers behind current rises in the use of low-cost sensors for air pollution management in cities are illustrated, while addressing the major challenges for their effective implementation.
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Air pollution abatement performances of green infrastructure in open road and built-up street canyon environments – A review
K.V. Abhijith,Prashant Kumar,John Gallagher,John Gallagher,Aonghus McNabola,Richard Baldauf,Francesco Pilla,Brian Broderick,Silvana Di Sabatino,Beatrice Pulvirenti +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined published literature on neighbourhood air quality modifications by green interventions and provided a better understanding of the interactions between vegetation and surrounding built-up environments and ascertain means of reducing local air pollution exposure using green infrastructure.
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Ultrafine particles in cities
Prashant Kumar,Lidia Morawska,Wolfram Birmili,Pauli Paasonen,Min Hu,Markku Kulmala,Roy M. Harrison,Leslie Norford,Rex Britter +8 more
TL;DR: This article reviews some fundamental drivers of UFP emissions and dispersion, and highlights unresolved challenges, as well as recommendations to ensure sustainable urban development whilst minimising any possible adverse health impacts.
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Social and travel lockdown impact considering coronavirus disease (Covid-19) on air quality in megacities of india: Present benefits, future challenges and way forward
Suresh Jain,Tanya Sharma +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the spatiotemporal variations in five criteria pollutants over two time periods, i.e., March-April 2019 and March -April 2020 and 10th-20th March 2020 (before lockdown) and 25th March to 6th April 2020 (during lockdown).
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Temporary reduction in fine particulate matter due to ‘anthropogenic emissions switch-off’ during COVID-19 lockdown in Indian cities
Prashant Kumar,Sarkawt Hama,Hamid Omidvarborna,Ashish Sharma,Jeetendra Sahani,K.V. Abhijith,Sisay Debele,Juan C. Zavala-Reyes,Yendle Barwise,Arvind Kumar Tiwari +9 more
TL;DR: Investigating impacts of COVID-19 mitigation measures on ambient air quality in five Indian cities using in-situ measurements from 2015 to 2020 indicated improvements in air quality may be considered a temporary lockdown benefit as revitalising the economy could reverse this trend.
References
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Air Pollution-Related Illness: Effects of Particles
TL;DR: In this article, Nel describes how the adverse effects of ultrafine air particles are linked to their ability to gain access to the lung and systemic circulation, where toxic components lead to tissue damage and inflammation.
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Combustion-derived nanoparticles: A review of their toxicology following inhalation exposure
Ken Donaldson,Lang Tran,Luis A Jimenez,Rodger Duffin,David E. Newby,Nicholas L. Mills,William MacNee,Vicki Stone +7 more
TL;DR: CDNP can be seen as a group of particulate toxins unified by a common mechanism of injury and properties of translocation which have the potential to mediate a range of adverse effects in the lungs and other organs and warrant further research.
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Particles, air quality, policy and health
TL;DR: This article reviews the current approaches to source apportionment of ambient particles and the latest evidence for their health effects, and describes the current metrics, policies and legislation for the protection of public health from ambient particles.
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Cities and greenhouse gas emissions: moving forward
TL;DR: A detailed analysis of per capita GHG emissions for several large cities and a review of per- capita emissions for 100 cities for which peer-reviewed studies are available is presented in this paper.
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Human health risks in megacities due to air pollution
Bhola R. Gurjar,A. Jain,Ashwani Sharma,A. Agarwal,P.B Gupta,Ajay Singh Nagpure,Jos Lelieveld +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, a new spreadsheet model, Risk of Mortality/Morbidity due to Air Pollution (Ri-MAP), is used to estimate the excess numbers of deaths and illnesses.