Journal ArticleDOI
Cannabis constituents modulate ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced hyperphagia in rats
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TLDR
It is proposed that the subtle adjustment to the meal patterns seen between the purified ∆9THC and ∆8THC-BDS are due to non-∆9thC cannabinoids present in ∆ 9THC -BDS, making them worth further investigation for their therapeutic potential.Abstract:
The hyperphagic effect of ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9THC) in humans and rodents is well known. However, no studies have investigated the importance of ∆9THC composition and any influence other non-∆9THC cannabinoids present in Cannabis sativa may have. We therefore compared the effects of purified ∆9THC, synthetic ∆9THC (dronabinol), and ∆9THC botanical drug substance (∆9THC-BDS), a ∆9THC-rich standardized extract comparable in composition to recreationally used cannabis. Adult male rats were orally dosed with purified ∆9THC, synthetic ∆9THC, or ∆9THC-BDS, matched for ∆9THC content (0.34–2.68 mg/kg). Prior to dosing, subjects were satiated, and food intake was recorded following ∆9THC administration. Data were then analyzed in terms of hourly intake and meal patterns. All three ∆9THC substances tested induced significant hyperphagic effects at doses ≥0.67 mg/kg. These effects included increased intake during hour one, a shorter latency to onset of feeding and a greater duration and consumption in the first meal. However, while some differences in vehicle control intakes were observed, there were significant, albeit subtle, differences in pattern of effects between the purified ∆9THC and ∆9THC-BDS. All ∆9THC compounds displayed classical ∆9THC effects on feeding, significantly increasing short-term intake whilst decreasing latency to the first meal. We propose that the subtle adjustment to the meal patterns seen between the purified ∆9THC and ∆9THC-BDS are due to non-∆9THC cannabinoids present in ∆9THC-BDS. These compounds and other non-cannabinoids have an emerging and diverse pharmacology and can modulate ∆9THC-induced hyperphagia, making them worth further investigation for their therapeutic potential.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Phytocannabinoids as novel therapeutic agents in CNS disorders
TL;DR: In this article, a review of non-Δ(9)-THC pCB effects in preclinical models of CNS disease and, where available, clinical trial data that support therapeutic effects is presented.
Book ChapterDOI
Molecular pharmacology of phytocannabinoids
TL;DR: This chapter presents an overview of the molecular pharmacology of the seven most thoroughly investigated phytocannabinoids, namely Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, Δ9 -tetraydrocannabivarin, cannabinol, Cannabidiol, cannabidivarin), cannabigerol, and cannabichromene.
Journal ArticleDOI
Beyond pharmacotherapy: understanding the links between obesity and chronic mental illness.
Valerie H. Taylor,Roger S. McIntyre,Gary Remington,Robert D. Levitan,Brian Stonehocker,Arya M. Sharma +5 more
TL;DR: This review examines issues associated with common chronic mental illnesses that may underlie this iatrogenic association and warrant further study if the authors hope to clinically intervene to control this life-threatening comorbidity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cannabinol and cannabidiol exert opposing effects on rat feeding patterns
TL;DR: This is the first time cannabinol has been shown to increase feeding, and could, in the future, provide an alternative to the currently used and psychotropic ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol-based medicines since cannabinol is currently considered to be non-psychotropic.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cannabigerol is a novel, well-tolerated appetite stimulant in pre-satiated rats.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated for the first time that CBG elicits hyperphagia, by reducing latency to feed and increasing meal frequency, without producing negative neuromotor side effects.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Characterization and localization of cannabinoid receptors in rat brain: a quantitative in vitro autoradiographic study
TL;DR: The results suggest that the presently characterized cannabinoid receptor mediates physiological and behavioral effects of natural and synthetic cannabinoids, because it is strongly coupled to guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins and is discretely localized to cortical, basal ganglia, and cerebellar structures involved with cognition and movement.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cannabis use and risk of psychotic or affective mental health outcomes: a systematic review
Theresa Hm Moore,Stanley Zammit,Stanley Zammit,Anne Lingford-Hughes,Thomas R. E. Barnes,Peter B. Jones,Margaret Burke,Glyn Lewis +7 more
TL;DR: There is now sufficient evidence to warn young people that using cannabis could increase their risk of developing a psychotic illness later in life, although evidence for affective outcomes is less strong.
Journal ArticleDOI
The diverse CB1 and CB2 receptor pharmacology of three plant cannabinoids: Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin
TL;DR: This review focuses on the manner with which three of these compounds, (−)‐trans‐Δ 9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‐THC), (−]‐cannabidiol (CBD) and (−)-trans‐ Δ9‐TetrahYDrocannabivarin (Γ‐THCV), interact with cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors.
Journal ArticleDOI
The endocannabinoid system and its therapeutic exploitation
TL;DR: The conditions under which the potential of targeting the endocannabinoid system might be realized in the years to come are explored.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chemical constituents of marijuana: The complex mixture of natural cannabinoids
Mahmoud A. ElSohly,Desmond Slade +1 more
TL;DR: The chemical constituents of the plant are discussed with particular emphasis on the cannabinoids as the class of compounds responsible for the drug's psychological properties.