Journal ArticleDOI
Carbon-nutrient stoichiometry to increase soil carbon sequestration
Clive A. Kirkby,Clive A. Kirkby,Alan Richardson,Leonard Wade,Graeme Batten,Christopher Blanchard,John A. Kirkegaard +6 more
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In this paper, the effect of N, P and S availability on the net humification efficiency (NHE) following incubation of soil with wheaten straw was investigated, showing that inorganic nutrient availability is critical to sequester C into the more stable FF-SOM pool irrespective of soil type and C input.Abstract:
The more stable fine fraction pool of soil organic matter (FF-SOM; <0.4 mm) has more nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur (N, P, S) per unit of carbon (C) than the plant material from which it originates and has near constant ratios of C:N:P:S. Consequently, we hypothesised that the sequestration of C-rich crop residue material into the FF-SOM pool could be improved by adding supplementary nutrients to the residues based on these ratios. Here we report on the effect of N, P and S availability on the net humification efficiency (NHE), the change in the size of the FF-SOM pool (as estimated by fine fraction C (FF-C)), following incubation of soil with wheaten straw. Four diverse soils were subjected to seven consecutive incubation cycles, with wheaten straw (10 t ha equivalent) added at the beginning of each cycle, with and without inorganic N, P, S addition (5 kg N, 2 kg P and 1.3 kg S per tonne of straw). This nutrient addition doubled the mean NHE in all soils (from 7% to 15%) and when applied at twice the rate increased NHE further (up to 29%) for the two soils that received this treatment. The FF-N, -P and -S levels increased in concert with FF-C levels in all soils in close agreement with published stoichiometric ratios (C:N:P:S = 10,000:833:200:143). Microbial biomass-C (MB-C) levels were estimated during one incubation cycle and found to increase in parallel with FF-C from 448 μg MB-C g soil (no nutrient addition) to 727 μg MB-C g soil (plus nutrients) and 947 μg MB-C g soil (plus 2× nutrients). There was a significant relationship between MB-C and the change in FF-C during that incubation cycle, providing evidence of a close relationship between the microbial biomass and FF-SOM formation. The two to four-fold increases in NHE achieved with nutrient addition demonstrated that inorganic nutrient availability is critical to sequester C into the more stable FF-SOM pool irrespective of soil type and C input. This has important implications for strategies to build soil fertility or mitigate climate change via increased soil organic C, as the availability and value of these nutrients must be considered.read more
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and goethite promote carbon sequestration via hyphal-aggregate mineral interactions
Peduruhewa H. Jeewani,Yu Luo,Guanghui Yu,Yingyi Fu,Xinhua He,Lukas Van Zwieten,Chao Liang,Amit Kumar,Yan He,Yakov Kuzyakov,Yakov Kuzyakov,Hua Qin,Georg Guggenberger,Jianming Xu +13 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the physicochemical stabilization and microbial mineralization of rhizodeposits from maize (Zea mays L.) and the rhizosphere priming effect (RPE) in soils with a combination of goethite addition and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation were compared.
Journal ArticleDOI
Changes in the stocks of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and phosphorus following afforestation of post-arable soils: A chronosequence study
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of afforestation of post-arable sandy soils (Dystric Arenosols) with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) on the amount and distribution of Corg, Ntot and Ptot stocks between genetic soil horizons was investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Can highly weathered soils under conservation agriculture be C saturated
Clever Briedis,João Carlos de Moraes Sá,Rattan Lal,Florent Tivet,Ademir de Oliveira Ferreira,Julio Cezar Franchini,Rafael Schimiguel,Daiani da Cruz Hartman,Juliane Zuffo dos Santos +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a long-term incubation experiment (30 months) was performed to assess the SOC flow and mineralization based on CO 2 -C emissions for estimating SOC accumulation; evaluating the impact of nutrient scarcity on C accumulation efficiency by soil layers; and determining when C saturation occurs in these soils.
Journal ArticleDOI
Understory ferns alter soil carbon chemistry and increase carbon storage during reforestation with native pine on previously degraded sites
Maokui Lyu,Maokui Lyu,Jinsheng Xie,Christian P. Giardina,Matthew A. Vadeboncoeur,Xiaojuan Feng,Minhuang Wang,Liisa Ukonmaanaho,Teng Chiu Lin,Yakov Kuzyakov,Yusheng Yang +10 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied different aged Masson pine plantations with and without the understory fern, Dicranopteris dichotoma (Thunb.) Berhn, in subtropical China to assess how SOM over a 30-year sequence of pine growth and fern expansion.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carbon sequestration in aggregates from native and cultivated soils as affected by soil stoichiometry
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the influence of nutrient stoichiometry on the mineralization of native Soil organic C (SOC) and straw C in different aggregate classes from cultivated and non-cultivated soils.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass c
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of fumigation on organic C extractable by 0.5 m K2SO4 were examined in a contrasting range of soils and it was shown that both ATP and organic C rendered decomposable by CHCl3 came from the soil microbial biomass.
Book
HUmus Chemistry Genesis, Composition, Reactions
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an analysis of organic matter in soil using NMR Spectroscopy and analytical pyrolysis, showing that organic matter is composed of nitrogen and ammonium.
BookDOI
Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis
M.R. Carter,Edward G. Gregorich +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a set of methods for soil sampling and analysis, such as: N.H.Hendershot, H.M.Hettiarachchi, C.C.De Freitas Arbuscular Mycorrhiza, Y.K.Soon and W.J.