Journal ArticleDOI
Cell biology of normal brain aging: synaptic plasticity-cell death.
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TLDR
It seems that, in the aging brain, changes in the metabolism of neurons may lead to their decreased numbers in the cerebral and cerebellar cortex, hippocampus, basal nucleus of Meynert, locus ceruleus, and substantia nigra, as well as to decreased numbers of synapses and disturbed stimulation of synaptic plasticity in the senescent brain.Abstract:
Senescence of the brain seems to be related to increased levels of free oxygen radical (FOR). FOR may damage macromolecular compounds such as: proteins, lipids, and DNA. In the aging brain, increased FOR levels damage DNA, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and nuclear DNA (nDNA). In DNA they damage single and double strands, leading to mutations in mtDNA and nDNA. Damage to mtDNA seems to result in decay of mitochondria, decreased production of ATP, and in the activation of the apoptotic process. In the aging brain, apoptosis does not seem to be activated in wild-type p53-expressing cells because the elevated levels of the p53 protein are no longer accompanied by decreased levels of the Bcl-2 protein and increased levels of the Bax protein. It seems that, in the aging brain, changes in the metabolism of neurons may lead to their decreased numbers in the cerebral and cerebellar cortex, hippocampus, basal nucleus of Meynert, locus ceruleus, and substantia nigra, as well as to decreased numbers of synapses and disturbed stimulation of synaptic plasticity in the senescent brain. Simultaneously, a decrease in neurogenesis in the aging brain may lead to a decline in the maintenance of tissue integrity, function, and regenerative response. Environmental enrichment and physical activity may improve hippocampal neurogenesis and induce neuronal plasticity. The morphological lesions in the senescent brain are undoubtedly followed by a disturbed balance between various types of neurons in the CNS. Nevertheless, the high plasticity of the CNS in humans most probably does not allow for the development of abnormalities in higher functions.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The effects of aging in the hippocampus and cognitive decline.
TL;DR: Non‐invasive strategies such as caloric restriction, physical exercise, and environmental enrichment have been shown to counteract many of the age‐induced alterations in hippocampal signalling, structure, and function, and such approaches may have therapeutic value in counteracting the deleterious effects of aging and protecting the brain against age‐associated neurodegenerative processes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mitochondria and Synaptic Plasticity in the Mature and Aging Nervous System.
Vyara Todorova,Arjan Blokland +1 more
TL;DR: It appears that memory loss and neurodegeneration during aging are related to mitochondrial (dys)function, and further studies are indicated to scrutinize the intracellular and molecular processes that regulate the functions of mitochondria in synaptic plasticity.
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Hydrogen-rich water delays postharvest ripening and senescence of kiwifruit
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that HRW treatment could delay fruit ripening and senescence during storage by regulating the antioxidant defence by decreasing the rot incidence and preserving the firmness of kiwifruit.
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Interplay Between Age and Neuroinflammation in Multiple Sclerosis: Effects on Motor and Cognitive Functions.
Alessandra Musella,Antonietta Gentile,Francesca Romana Rizzo,Francesca Romana Rizzo,Francesca De Vito,Diego Fresegna,Silvia Bullitta,Valentina Vanni,Livia Guadalupi,Mario Stampanoni Bassi,Fabio Buttari,Diego Centonze,Georgia Mandolesi +12 more
TL;DR: The importance of the neuroinflammatory dependent mechanisms, such as synaptopathy and synaptic plasticity impairments, suggesting their potential exacerbation or acceleration with advancing age in the MS disease are emphasized.
Book ChapterDOI
Normal Aging and Dementia
Michal Prendecki,Jolanta Florczak-Wyspianska,Margarita Lianeri Marta Kowalska,Wojciech Kozubski,Jolanta Dorszewska +4 more
TL;DR: Identifying the molecular factors associated with aging and dementia may help introduce new approaches to preventing geriatric disorders, including depression and dementia.
References
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