Journal ArticleDOI
Cell transplantation therapy for spinal cord injury
TLDR
A better understanding of the mechanisms whereby these cells promote functional improvements will be important to make cell transplantation a viable clinical option and may lead to the development of more targeted therapies.Abstract:
Spinal cord injury can lead to severe motor, sensory and autonomic dysfunction. Currently, there is no effective treatment for the injured spinal cord. The transplantation of Schwann cells, neural stem cells or progenitor cells, olfactory ensheathing cells, oligodendrocyte precursor cells and mesenchymal stem cells has been investigated as potential therapies for spinal cord injury. However, little is known about the mechanisms through which these individual cell types promote repair and functional improvements. The five most commonly proposed mechanisms include neuroprotection, immunomodulation, axon regeneration, neuronal relay formation and myelin regeneration. A better understanding of the mechanisms whereby these cells promote functional improvements, as well as an appreciation of the obstacles in implementing these therapies and effectively modeling spinal cord injury, will be important to make cell transplantation a viable clinical option and may lead to the development of more targeted therapies.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Biology of Regeneration Failure and Success After Spinal Cord Injury.
TL;DR: The perineuronal net and how chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans deposited in both the glial scar and net impede axonal outgrowth at the level of the growth cone are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Spinal cord repair: advances in biology and technology.
TL;DR: Recent advances in biological and engineering strategies to augment neuroplasticity and/or functional recovery in animal models of SCI that are pushing toward clinical translation are summarized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microenvironment Imbalance of Spinal Cord Injury.
Baoyou Fan,Zhijian Wei,Xue Yao,Guidong Shi,Xin Cheng,Xianhu Zhou,Hengxing Zhou,Guangzhi Ning,Xiaohong Kong,Shiqing Feng +9 more
TL;DR: The imbalanced microenvironment of the spinal cord impairs regeneration and functional recovery and this review will aid in the understanding of the pathological processes involved in and the development of comprehensive treatments for SCI.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exosome-shuttled miR-216a-5p from hypoxic preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells repair traumatic spinal cord injury by shifting microglial M1/M2 polarization.
Wei Liu,Yuluo Rong,Jiaxing Wang,Zheng Zhou,Xuhui Ge,Chengyue Ji,Dongdong Jiang,Fangyi Gong,Linwei Li,Jian Chen,Shujie Zhao,Fan-Qi Kong,Changjiang Gu,Jin Fan,Weihua Cai +14 more
TL;DR: Results indicate that HExos promote functional behavioral recovery by shifting microglial polarization from M1 to M2 phenotype in vivo and in vitro, and it is found that TLR4/NF-κB/PI3K/AKT signaling cascades may be involved in the modulation of microglia polarization by hypoxic exosomal miR-216a-5p.
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Transplantation of Human Mesenchymal Stem-Cell-Derived Exosomes Immobilized in an Adhesive Hydrogel for Effective Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury
TL;DR: The Exo-pGel therapy presents a promissing strategy for effective treatment of central nervous system diseases based on exosome implantation and elicits significant nerve recovery and urinary tissue preservation by effectively mitigating inflammation and oxidation.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Identification of two distinct macrophage subsets with divergent effects causing either neurotoxicity or regeneration in the injured mouse spinal cord.
Kristina A. Kigerl,John C. Gensel,Daniel P. Ankeny,Jessica K. Alexander,Dustin J. Donnelly,Phillip G. Popovich +5 more
TL;DR: Together, these data suggest that polarizing the differentiation of resident microglia and infiltrating blood monocytes toward an M2 or “alternatively” activated macrophage phenotype could promote CNS repair while limiting secondary inflammatory-mediated injury.
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Targeting recovery: Priorities of the spinal cord-injured population
TL;DR: A novel survey was performed in which subjects were asked to rank seven functions in order of importance to their quality of life, and regained arm and hand function was most important to quadriplegics, while regaining sexual function was the highest priority for paraplegics.
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Axonal elongation into peripheral nervous system "bridges" after central nervous system injury in adult rats
Samuel David,Albert J. Aguayo +1 more
TL;DR: The origin, termination, and length of axonal growth after focal central nervous system injury was examined in adult rats by means of a new experimental model and the regenerative potential of these central neurons seems to be expressed when the central nervous System glial environment is changed to that of the peripheral nervous system.
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Transcriptome-Based Network Analysis Reveals a Spectrum Model of Human Macrophage Activation
Jia Xue,Susanne Schmidt,Jil Sander,Astrid M. Draffehn,Wolfgang Krebs,Inga Quester,Dominic De Nardo,Trupti D. Gohel,Martina Emde,Lisa Schmidleithner,Hariharasudan Ganesan,Andrea Niño-Castro,Michael R. Mallmann,Larisa I. Labzin,Heidi Theis,Michael Kraut,Marc Beyer,Eicke Latz,Eicke Latz,Tom C. Freeman,Thomas Ulas,Joachim L. Schultze +21 more
TL;DR: By integrating murine data from the ImmGen project, this work proposes a refined, activation-independent core signature for human and murine macrophages that serves as a framework for future research into regulation of macrophage activation in health and disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Review of the secondary injury theory of acute spinal cord trauma with emphasis on vascular mechanisms
TL;DR: Evidence is presented to support the theory of secondary injury and the hypothesis that a key mechanism is posttraumatic ischemia with resultant infarction of the spinal cord and that it can be counteracted.