Journal ArticleDOI
Chikungunya, an epidemic arbovirosis.
TLDR
Chikungunya is an arboviral disease transmitted by aedes mosquitoes and was first isolated in 1953 in Tanzania as mentioned in this paper, where it is a specifi cally tropical disease, but it is geographically restricted and outbreaks are relatively uncommon.Abstract:
Chikungunya is an arboviral disease transmitted by aedes mosquitoes. The virus was fi rst isolated in 1953 in Tanzania. Chikungunya virus is a member of the genus Alphavirus and the family Togaviridae. The disease typically consists of an acute illness characterised by fever, rash, and incapacitating arthralgia. The word chikungunya, used for both the virus and the disease, means “to walk bent over” in some east African languages, and refers to the eff ect of the joint pains that characterise this dengue-like infection. Chikungunya is a specifi cally tropical disease, but it is geographically restricted and outbreaks are relatively uncommon. It is only occasionally observed in travellers and military personnel. More than 266 000 people have been infected during the ongoing outbreak in Reunion, in which Aedes albopictus is the presumed vector. In the ongoing Indian outbreak, in which Aedes aegypti is the presumed vector, 1 400 000 cases of chikungunya were reported during 2006. The reasons for the re-emergence of chikungunya on the Indian subcontinent, and for its unprecedented incidence rate in the Indian Ocean region, are unclear. Plausible explanations include increased tourism, chikungunya virus introduction into a naive population, and viral mutation.read more
Citations
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Infection with chikungunya virus in Italy: an outbreak in a temperate region
Giovanni Rezza,Loredana Nicoletti,R Angelini,Roberto Romi,A C Finarelli,M. Panning,Paolo Cordioli,Claudia Fortuna,S. Boros,Fabio Magurano,G. Silvi,Paola Angelini,Michele Dottori,Maria Grazia Ciufolini,Giancarlo Majori,Antonio Cassone +15 more
TL;DR: In this article, an outbreak of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was reported in Italy, where the primary source of infection and modes of transmission were identified and an active surveillance system was also implemented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Refining the global spatial limits of dengue virus transmission by evidence-based consensus
Oliver J. Brady,Peter W. Gething,Samir Bhatt,Jane P. Messina,John S. Brownstein,Anne G. Hoen,Catherine L. Moyes,Andrew Farlow,Thomas W. Scott,Thomas W. Scott,Simon I. Hay,Simon I. Hay +11 more
TL;DR: A contemporary global map of national-level dengue status is generated that assigns a relative measure of certainty and identifies gaps in the available evidence and provides a preliminary estimate of population at risk with an upper bound of 3.97 billion people.
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A single mutation in chikungunya virus affects vector specificity and epidemic potential.
TL;DR: The observation that a single amino acid substitution can influence vector specificity provides a plausible explanation of how this mutant virus caused an epidemic in a region lacking the typical vector, and has important implications with respect to how viruses may establish a transmission cycle when introduced into a new area.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chikungunya Fever: An Epidemiological Review of a Re-Emerging Infectious Disease
TL;DR: The epidemiology and global expansion of CHIKV is characterized, the clinical features and laboratory testing for the disease are described, and priorities for further studies needed for effective disease control and prevention are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biology and pathogenesis of chikungunya virus
TL;DR: This Review highlights some of the most recent advances in understanding of the biology of CHIKV and its interactions with the host.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Genome Microevolution of Chikungunya Viruses Causing the Indian Ocean Outbreak
Isabelle Schuffenecker,Isabelle Iteman,Alain Michault,Séverine Murri,Lionel Frangeul,Marie-Christine Vaney,Marie-Christine Vaney,Rachel Lavenir,Nathalie Pardigon,Jean-Marc Reynes,François Pettinelli,Leon Biscornet,Laure Diancourt,Stéphanie Michel,Stéphane Duquerroy,Stéphane Duquerroy,Stéphane Duquerroy,Ghislaine Guigon,Marie-Pascale Frenkiel,Anne-Claire Brehin,Nadège Cubito,Philippe Desprès,Frank Kunst,Félix A. Rey,Félix A. Rey,Hervé Zeller,Sylvain Brisse +26 more
TL;DR: The results indicate that the chikungunya virus outbreak was initiated by a strain related to East-African isolates, from which viral variants have evolved following a traceable microevolution history and may be due to adaptation to the mosquito vector.
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