Clinical practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease: 2010 update by the infectious diseases society of america.
John R. Perfect,William E. Dismukes,Françoise Dromer,David L. Goldman,John R. Graybill,Richard J. Hamill,Thomas S. Harrison,Robert A. Larsen,Olivier Lortholary,Olivier Lortholary,Minh Hong Nguyen,Peter G. Pappas,William G. Powderly,Nina Singh,Jack D. Sobel,Tania C. Sorrell +15 more
TLDR
Emphasis has been placed on potential complications in management of cryptococcal infection, including increased intracranial pressure, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), drug resistance, and cryptococcomas.Abstract:
Cryptococcosis is a global invasive mycosis associated with significant morbidity and mortality. These guidelines for its management have been built on the previous Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines from 2000 and include new sections. There is a discussion of the management of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in 3 risk groups: (1) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals, (2) organ transplant recipients, and (3) non-HIV-infected and nontransplant hosts. There are specific recommendations for other unique risk populations, such as children, pregnant women, persons in resource-limited environments, and those with Cryptococcus gattii infection. Recommendations for management also include other sites of infection, including strategies for pulmonary cryptococcosis. Emphasis has been placed on potential complications in management of cryptococcal infection, including increased intracranial pressure, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), drug resistance, and cryptococcomas. Three key management principles have been articulated: (1) induction therapy for meningoencephalitis using fungicidal regimens, such as a polyene and flucytosine, followed by suppressive regimens using fluconazole; (2) importance of early recognition and treatment of increased intracranial pressure and/or IRIS; and (3) the use of lipid formulations of amphotericin B regimens in patients with renal impairment. Cryptococcosis remains a challenging management issue, with little new drug development or recent definitive studies. However, if the diagnosis is made early, if clinicians adhere to the basic principles of these guidelines, and if the underlying disease is controlled, then cryptococcosis can be managed successfully in the vast majority of patients.read more
Citations
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Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: 2014 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America
Dennis L. Stevens,Alan L. Bisno,Henry F. Chambers,E. Patchen Dellinger,Ellie J. C. Goldstein,Sherwood L. Gorbach,Jan V. Hirschmann,Sheldon L. Kaplan,Jose G. Montoya,James C. Wade,R. M. Alden +10 more
TL;DR: This guideline addresses the wide array of SSTIs that occur in this population and emphasizes the importance of clinical skills in promptly diagnosing SSTI, identifying the pathogen, and administering effective treatments in a timely fashion.
Journal ArticleDOI
Executive Summary: Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: 2014 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America
Dennis L. Stevens,Alan L. Bisno,Henry F. Chambers,E. Patchen Dellinger,Ellie J. C. Goldstein,Sherwood L. Gorbach,Jan V. Hirschmann,Sheldon L. Kaplan,Jose G. Montoya,James C. Wade +9 more
TL;DR: This guideline addresses the wide array of SSTIs that occur in this population and emphasizes the importance of clinical skills in promptly diagnosing SSTI, identifying the pathogen, and administering effective treatments in a timely fashion.
Journal ArticleDOI
Emerging opportunistic yeast infections
TL;DR: An increasing number of sporadic cases of invasive fungal infections by non-neoformans cryptococci have been reported in immunocompromised hosts, especially for patients with advanced HIV infection or cancer who are undergoing transplant.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antiretroviral Drugs for Treatment and Prevention of HIV Infection in Adults: 2016 Recommendations of the International Antiviral Society–USA Panel
Huldrych F. Günthard,Michael S. Saag,Constance A. Benson,Carlos del Rio,Joseph J. Eron,Joel E. Gallant,Jennifer F Hoy,Michael J. Mugavero,Paul E. Sax,Melanie A. Thompson,Rajesh T. Gandhi,Raphael J. Landovitz,Davey M. Smith,Donna M. Jacobsen,Paul A. Volberding +14 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide updated recommendations for the use of antiretroviral therapy in adults (aged ≥18 years) with established HIV infection, including when to start treatment, initial regimens, and changing regimens along with recommendations for using ARVs for preventing HIV among those at risk, including preexposure and postexposure prophylaxis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recognition of seven species in the Cryptococcus gattii/Cryptococcus neoformans species complex.
Ferry Hagen,Kantarawee Khayhan,Bart Theelen,Anna Kolecka,Itzhack Polacheck,Edward Sionov,Edward Sionov,Rama Falk,Rama Falk,Sittiporn Parnmen,H. Thorsten Lumbsch,Teun Boekhout,Teun Boekhout +12 more
TL;DR: MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry readily distinguishes the newly recognized species, which differ in aspects of pathogenicity, prevalence for patient groups, as well as biochemical and physiological aspects, such as susceptibility to antifungals.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Estimation of the current global burden of cryptococcal meningitis among persons living with HIV/AIDS.
Benjamin J. Park,Kathleen Wannemuehler,Barbara J. Marston,Nelesh P. Govender,Peter G. Pappas,Tom Chiller +5 more
TL;DR: The first attempt to estimate the global burden of cryptococcal meningitis finds the number of cases and deaths to be very high, with most occurring in sub-Saharan Africa.
Book
Clinical practice guidelines : directions for a new program
TL;DR: This clinical practice guidelines directions for a new program, it will really give you the good idea to be successful.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cryptococcosis in the era of AIDS--100 years after the discovery of Cryptococcus neoformans.
TL;DR: Clinical concepts are presented that relate to the distinctive features of cryptococcosis in patients with AIDS and the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Cryptococcus neoformans in AIDS patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
Practice Guidelines for the Management of Cryptococcal Disease
Michael S. Saag,Richard J. Graybill,Robert A. Larsen,Peter G. Pappas,John R. Perfect,William G. Powderly,Jack D. Sobel,William E. Dismukes +7 more
TL;DR: It is recommended that all HIV-infected individuals continue maintenance therapy for life with fluconazole, and HIV-negative, immunocompromised hosts should be treated in the same fashion as those with CNS disease, regardless of the site of involvement.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Comparison of Amphotericin B Alone and Combined with Flucytosine in the Treatment of Cryptoccal Meningitis
John E. Bennett,William E. Dismukes,Richard J. Duma,Gerald Medoff,Merle A. Sande,Harry Gallis,John M. Leonard,Branch T. Fields,Major Bradshaw,Hubert Haywood,Zell A. McGee,Thomas R. Cate,C. Glenn Cobbs,John F. Warner,David W. Alling +14 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that combined flucytosine-amphoericin B therapy is the regimen of choice in cryptococcal meningitis.