Clinical Update: Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes Mellitus: Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Failure in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus – Mechanisms, Management, and Clinical Considerations
TLDR
This review considers the mechanisms, history, controversies, new pharmacological agents, and recent evidence for current guidelines for cardiovascular management in the patient with diabetes mellitus to support evidence-based care outside of the acute care setting.Abstract:
Cardiovascular disease remains the principal cause of death and disability among patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus exacerbates mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis and heart failure. Unfortunately, these mechanisms are not adequately modulated by therapeutic strategies focusing solely on optimal glycemic control with currently available drugs or approaches. In the setting of multifactorial risk reduction with statins and other lipid-lowering agents, antihypertensive therapies, and antihyperglycemic treatment strategies, cardiovascular complication rates are falling, yet remain higher for patients with diabetes mellitus than for those without. This review considers the mechanisms, history, controversies, new pharmacological agents, and recent evidence for current guidelines for cardiovascular management in the patient with diabetes mellitus to support evidence-based care in the patient with diabetes mellitus and heart disease outside of the acute care setting.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Inflammatory responses and inflammation-associated diseases in organs
Linlin Chen,Huidan Deng,Hengmin Cui,Jing Fang,Zhicai Zuo,Junliang Deng,Yinglun Li,Xun Wang,Ling Zhao +8 more
TL;DR: Inflammation is a biological response of the immune system that can be triggered by a variety of factors, including pathogens, damaged cells and toxic compounds, potentially leading to tissue damage or disease.
Bariatric Surgery and Long-term Cardiovascular Events
Lars Sjöström,Markku Peltonen,Peter Jacobson,C. David Sjöström,Kristjan Karason,Hans Wedel,Sofie Ahlin,Åsa Anveden,Calle Bengtsson,Gerd Bergmark,Claude Bouchard,Björn Carlsson,Sven Dahlgren,Jan Karlsson,Anna Karin Lindroos,Hans Lönroth,Kristina Narbro,Ingmar Näslund,Torsten Olbers,Per-Arne Svensson,Lena M. S. Carlsson +20 more
TL;DR: Compared with usual care, bariatric surgery was associated with reduced number of cardiovascular deaths and lower incidence of cardiovascular events in obese adults.
Journal ArticleDOI
How Does Empagliflozin Reduce Cardiovascular Mortality? Insights From a Mediation Analysis of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME Trial
Silvio E. Inzucchi,Bernard Zinman,David Fitchett,Christoph Wanner,Ele Ferrannini,Martin Schumacher,Claudia Schmoor,Kristin Ohneberg,Odd Erik Johansen,Jyothis T. George,Stefan Hantel,Erich Bluhmki,John M. Lachin +12 more
TL;DR: In this exploratory analysis from the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial, changes in markers of plasma volume were the most important mediators of the reduction in risk of CV death with empagliflozin versus placebo.
Journal ArticleDOI
Diabetes as a cardiovascular risk factor: An overview of global trends of macro and micro vascular complications.
Elisa Dal Canto,Antonio Ceriello,Lars Rydén,Marc Ferrini,Tina Birgitte Hansen,Oliver Schnell,Eberhard Standl,Joline W.J. Beulens,Joline W.J. Beulens +8 more
TL;DR: Data is outlined from population-based studies on recent and long-term trends in diabetes-related complications that suggest the economic and social burden of diabetes is expected to rise due to changing demographics and lifestyle especially in middle- and low-income countries.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)
Scott M. Grundy,David W. Bilheimer,Alan Chait,Luther T. Clark,Margo A. Denke,Richard J. Havel,William R. Hazzard,Stephen B. Hulley,Donald B. Hunninghake,Robert A. Kreisberg,Penny M. Kris-Etherton,James M. McKenney,Michael A. Newman,Ernst J. Schaefer,Burton E. Sobel,Carolyn Somelofski,Milton C. Weinstein,H. Bryan Brewer,James I. Cleeman,Karen A. Donato,Nancy D. Ernst,Jeffrey M. Hoeg,Basil M. Rifkind,Jacques E. Rossouw,Christopher T. Sempos,Joanne M. Gallivan,Maureen N. Harris,Laurie Quint-Adler +27 more
TL;DR: Dairy therapy remains the first line of treatment of high blood cholesterol, and drug therapy is reserved for patients who are considered to be at high risk for CHD, and the fundamental approach to treatment is comparable.
Journal ArticleDOI
The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes Control,David M. Nathan,Saul M. Genuth,John M. Lachin,Patricia A. Cleary,O Crofford,Matthew M. Davis,Larry Rand,Carolyn Siebert +8 more
TL;DR: Intensive therapy effectively delays the onset and slows the progression of diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy in patients with IDDM.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
William C. Knowler,Elizabeth Barrett-Connor,Sarah E. Fowler,Richard F. Hamman,John M. Lachin,Elizabeth A. Walker,David M. Nathan +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared a lifestyle intervention with metformin to prevent or delay the development of Type 2 diabetes in nondiabetic individuals. And they found that the lifestyle intervention was significantly more effective than the medication.
Journal Article
Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33)
R C Turner,Rury R. Holman,Carole A. Cull,Irene M Stratton,David R Matthews,V Frighi,Susan E. Manley,Andrew Neil,K McElroy,D Wright,E. M. Kohner,Caroline S. Fox,D R Hadden,Z Mehta,Albert V. Smith,Z Nugent,Richard Peto,A I Adlel,Jim Mann,P A Bassett,S. Oakes,Tim Dornan,Stephen J Aldington,H Lipinski,R Collum,K Harrison,C MacIntyre,S Skinner,A Mortemore,D Nelson,S Cockley,S Levien,L Bodsworth,R Willox,T Biggs,S Dove,E Beattie,M Gradwell,S Staples,R Lam,F Taylor,L Leung,R D Carter,S M Brownlee,K E Fisher,K Islam,R. Jelfs,P A Williams,F A Williams,P J Sutton,A Ayres,Lisa Logie,C Lovatt,M A Evans,L A Stowell,I Ross,I A Kennedy,D. J. Croft,A H Keen,C Rose,M Raikou,A E Fletcher,Christopher J. Bulpitt,Clare Battersby,J S Yudkin,Richard Stevens,M R Stearn,S L Palmer,M S Hammersley,S L Franklin,R S Spivey,Jonathan C. Levy,C R Tidy,N J Bell,J Steemson,B A Barrow,R Coster,K Waring,L Nolan,E Truscott,N Walravens,L Cook,H Lampard,C Merle,P Parker,J McVittie,I Draisey,L E Murchison,Brunt Ahe.,M J Williams,D W Pearson,Petrie Xmp.,Lean Mej.,D Walmsley,F Lyall,E Christie,J Church,E Thomson,A Farrow,J M Stowers,M Stowers,K McHardy,N Patterson,Alex D. Wright,N A Levi,Shearer Aci.,Thompson Rjw.,G Taylor,S Rayton,M Bradbury,A Glover,A Smyth-Osbourne,C Parkes,J Graham,P England,S Gyde,C Eagle,B Chakrabarti,Josh Smith,J Sherwell,N. W. Oakley,M. Whitehead,G P Hollier,T. Pilkington,J Simpson,Michael W. Anderson,S Martin,J Kean,B Rice,A Rolland,J Nisbet,E M Kohner,A Dornhorst,M C Doddridge,M Dumskyij,S Walji,P Sharp,M Sleightholm,G Vanterpool,G Frost,M Roseblade,S Elliott,S Forrester,Meredith C. Foster,K Myers,R Chapman,J R Hayes,R W Henry,M S Featherston,Archbold Gpr.,M Copeland,R Harper,I Richardson,H A Davison,L Alexander,Scarpello Jhb.,D E Shiers,R J Tucker,Worthington Jrh.,S Angris,A Bates,J Walton,M Teasdale,J Browne,S Stanley,B A Davis,R C Strange,Hadden,L Kennedy,A B Atkinson,P M Bell,D R McCance,J Rutherford,A M Culbert,C Hegan,H Tennet,N Webb,I Robinson,J Holmes,S Nesbitt,A S Spathis,S Hyer,M E Nanson,L M James,J M Tyrell,C Davis,P Strugnell,M Booth,H Petrie,D Clark,S Hulland,J L Barron,B C Gould,J Singer,A Badenoch,M McGregor,L Isenberg,M Eckert,K Alibhai,E Marriot,Christopher E. Cox,R Price,M Fernandez,A Ryle,S Clarke,G Wallace,E Mehmed,J A Lankester,E Howard,A Waite,S MacFarlane,R H Greenwood,J Wilson,M J Denholm,R C Temple,K Whitfield,F Johnson,C Munroe,S Gorick,E Duckworth,M Fatman,S Rainbow,L J Borthwick,D J Wheatcroft,R J Seaman,R A Christie,W Wheatcroft,P Musk,Jennifer White,S McDougal,M Bond,P Raniga,J L Day,M J Doshi,James G. Wilson,J. Howard-Williams,H Humphreys,A Graham,K Hicks,S Hexman,P Bayliss,D Pledger,R W Newton,R T Jung,C Roxburgh,B Kilgallon,L Dick,N Waugh,S Kilby,A Ellingford,J Burns,C Fox,M C Holloway,H M Coghill,N Hein,A J Fox,W Cowan,M Richard,K Quested,S J Evans,Richard B Paisey,Brown Npr.,A J Tucker,R Paisey,F Garrett,J Hogg,P Park,K Williams,P Harvey,R Wilcocks,S Mason,J. C. Frost,C Warren,P Rocket,L Bower,J M Roland,D J Brown,J Youens,K Stanton-King,H Mungall,V Ball,W Maddison,D Donnelly,S King,P Griffin,Sidney C. Smith,S Church,Graham Dunn,Andrew D. Wilson,K Palmer,P M Brown,D Humphriss,Davidson Ajm.,Richard Rose,L Armistead,S Townsend,P Poon,Peacock Ida.,Culverwell Njc.,M H Charlton,Connolly Bps.,J Peacock,J Barrett,J Wain,W Beeston,George L. King,P G Hill,Boulton Ajm.,A M Robertson,V Katoulis,A Olukoga,H McDonald,S Kumar,F Abouaesha,B Abuaisha,E A Knowles,S Higgins,J Booker,J Sunter,K Breislin,R Parker,P Raval,J Curwell,H Davenport,G Shawcross,A Prest,J Grey,H Cole,C Sereviratne,R J Young,J R Clyne,M Gibson,I O'Connell,L M Wong,S J Wilson,K L Wright,Chris Wallace,D McDowell,A C Burden,E M Sellen,R Gregory,M Roshan,N Vaghela,M Burden,C Sherriff,S Mansingh,J Clarke,J Grenfell,Je Tooke,K. M. MacLeod,C Seamark,M Rammell,C Pym,J Stockman,C Yeo,J Piper,L Leighton,Ellen Green,M Hoyle,K Jones,A Hudson,A J James,Angela C. Shore,A Higham,B Martin,Neil Haw.,Butterfield Wjh.,Doll Wrs.,R Eastman,F R Ferris,N Kurinij,K McPherson,R F Mahler,Tom W. Meade,G Shafer,P J Watkins,H Keen,D Siegel,D J Betteridge,R D Cohen,D Currie,Julie L Darbyshire,J V Forrester,T Guppy,D G Johnston,Alistair McGuire,Mike Murphy,A M el-Nahas,B Pentecost,D Spiegelhalter,Alberti Kgmm.,R Denton,Philip Home,S Howell,Jarrett,V Marks,Michael Marmot,J D Ward,Grp Ukpds. +398 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of intensive blood-glucose control with either sulphonylurea or insulin and conventional treatment on the risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes in a randomised controlled trial were compared.
Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National
William C. Taylor,Nigel Unwin +1 more
Related Papers (5)
Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes
Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Anushka Patel,Stephen MacMahon,John Chalmers,Bruce Neal,Laurent Billot,Mark Woodward,Mark Woodward,Michel Marre,Mark E. Cooper,Paul Glasziou,Paul Glasziou,Diederick E. Grobbee,Pavel Hamet,Stephen B. Harrap,Simon Heller,Lisheng Liu,Giuseppe Mancia,Carl Erik Mogensen,C. Y. Pan,Neil R Poulter,Anthony Rodgers,Bryan Williams,Severine Bompoint,Bastiaan E. de Galan,Bastiaan E. de Galan,Rohina Joshi,F. Travert +26 more