Journal ArticleDOI
CMOS image sensors
A. El Gamal,Helmy Eltoukhy +1 more
TLDR
This article provides a basic introduction to CMOS image-sensor technology, design and performance limits and presents recent developments and future research directions enabled by pixel-level processing, which promise to further improveCMOS image sensor performance and broaden their applicability beyond current markets.Abstract:
In this article, we provide a basic introduction to CMOS image-sensor technology, design and performance limits and present recent developments and future directions in this area. We also discuss image-sensor operation and describe the most popular CMOS image-sensor architectures. We note the main non-idealities that limit CMOS image sensor performance, and specify several key performance measures. One of the most important advantages of CMOS image sensors over CCDs is the ability to integrate sensing with analog and digital processing down to the pixel level. Finally, we focus on recent developments and future research directions that are enabled by pixel-level processing, the applications of which promise to further improve CMOS image sensor performance and broaden their applicability beyond current markets.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Nanostructured materials for photon detection
TL;DR: Progress in light sensing using nanostructured materials is reviewed, focusing on solution-processed materials such as colloidal quantum dots and metal nanoparticles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Miniaturized integration of a fluorescence microscope
Kunal K. Ghosh,Laurie D. Burns,Eric D. Cocker,Axel Nimmerjahn,Yaniv Ziv,Abbas El Gamal,Mark J. Schnitzer,Mark J. Schnitzer +7 more
TL;DR: A miniature (1.9 g) integrated fluorescence microscope made from mass-producible parts, including a semiconductor light source and sensor enables high-speed cellular imaging across ∼0.5 mm2 areas in active mice and allows concurrent tracking of Ca2+ spiking in >200 Purkinje neurons across nine cerebellar microzones.
Book
Template Matching Techniques in Computer Vision: Theory and Practice
TL;DR: This book and the accompanying website, focus on template matching, a subset of object recognition techniques of wide applicability, which has proved to be particularly effective for face recognition applications.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Benchmarking Denoising Algorithms with Real Photographs
Tobias Plötz,Stefan Roth +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a methodology for benchmarking denoising techniques on real photographs by capturing pairs of images with different ISO values and appropriately adjusted exposure times, where the nearly noise-free low-ISO image serves as reference.
Journal ArticleDOI
Broadband image sensor array based on graphene–CMOS integration
Stijn Goossens,Gabriele Navickaite,Carles Monasterio,Shuchi Gupta,Juan José Piqueras,Raúl Pérez,Gregory Burwell,Ivan Nikitskiy,Tania Lasanta,Teresa Galán,Eric Puma,Alba Centeno,Amaia Pesquera,Amaia Zurutuza,Gerasimos Konstantatos,Frank H. L. Koppens +15 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a high-resolution, broadband image sensor was demonstrated using a CMOS integrated circuit with graphene, operating as a highmobility phototransistor, which was used as a digital camera that is sensitive to ultraviolet, visible and infrared light.
References
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Proceedings ArticleDOI
A Time-Of-Flight Depth Sensor - System Description, Issues and Solutions
TL;DR: A CMOS-based time-of-flight depth sensor based on a special CMOS pixel structure that can extract phase information from the received light pulses that offers significant advantages, including superior accuracy, high frame rate, cost effectiveness and a drastic reduction in processing required to construct the depth maps.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Active Pixel Sensors: Are CCD's Dinosaurs?
TL;DR: ActivePixel Sensor (APS) as mentioned in this paper is a detector array technology that has at least one active transistor within the pixel unit cell, which eliminates the need for nearly perfect charge transfer, which makes CCD's radiation'soft' and difficult to use under low light conditions, difficult to integrate with on-chip electronics, difficulty to use at low temperatures, and difficulty to manufacture in non-silicon materials that extend wavelength response.
Journal ArticleDOI
A 256/spl times/256 CMOS imaging array with wide dynamic range pixels and column-parallel digital output
TL;DR: A 256x256 CMOS active pixel sensor (APS) is described for an automotive stereo-vision system that simultaneously provides flexibility, user-adjustability, and digital control, with no reduction of fill factor.
Journal ArticleDOI
A 640/spl times/512 CMOS image sensor with ultra wide dynamic range floating-point pixel-level ADC
TL;DR: A 640/spl times/512 image sensor with Nyquist rate pixel level ADC implemented in a 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS technology shows how a pixellevel ADC enables flexible efficient implementation of multiple sampling.
Journal ArticleDOI
A lab-on-a-chip for cell detection and manipulation
TL;DR: In this paper, a lab-on-a-chip for electronic manipulation and detection of microorganisms based on the use of closed dielectrophoretic (DEP) cages combined with impedance sensing is presented.