COSMO-BEP-Tree v1.0: a coupled urban climate model with explicit representation of street trees
Gianluca Mussetti,Dominik Brunner,Stephan Henne,Jonas Allegrini,Jonas Allegrini,E. Scott Krayenhoff,Sebastian Schubert,Christian Feigenwinter,Roland Vogt,Andreas Wicki,Jan Carmeliet +10 more
TLDR
In this article, the authors coupled the Building Effect Parameterization with Trees (BEP-Tree) vegetated urban canopy model and the Consortium for Small-scale Modeling (COSMO) mesoscale weather and climate model.Abstract:
. Street trees are more and more regarded as an effective measure to reduce excessive heat in urban areas. However, the vast majority of mesoscale urban climate models do not represent street trees in an explicit manner and, for example, do not take the important effect of shading by trees into account. In addition, urban canopy models that take interactions of trees and urban fabrics directly into account are usually limited to the street or neighbourhood scale and hence cannot be used to analyse the citywide effect of urban greening. In order to represent the interactions between street trees, urban elements and the atmosphere in realistic regional weather and climate simulations, we coupled the Building Effect Parameterisation with Trees (BEP-Tree) vegetated urban canopy model and the Consortium for Small-scale Modeling (COSMO) mesoscale weather and climate model. The performance and applicability of the coupled model, named COSMO-BEP-Tree, are demonstrated over the urban area of Basel, Switzerland, during the heatwave event of June–July 2015. Overall, the model compared well with measurements of individual components of the surface energy balance and with air and surface temperatures obtained from a flux tower, surface stations and satellites. Deficiencies were identified for nighttime air temperature and humidity, which can mainly be traced back to limitations in the simulation of the nighttime stable boundary layer in COSMO. The representation of street trees in the coupled model generally improved the agreement with observations. Street trees produced large changes in simulated sensible and latent heat flux, and wind speed. Within the canopy layer, the presence of street trees resulted in a slight reduction in daytime air temperature and a very minor increase in nighttime air temperature. The model was found to realistically respond to changes in the parameters defining the street trees: leaf area density and stomatal conductance. Overall, COSMO-BEP-Tree demonstrated the potential of (a) enabling city-wide studies on the cooling potential of street trees and (b) further enhancing the modelling capabilities and performance in urban climate modelling studies.read more
Citations
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Tree effects on urban microclimate: Diurnal, seasonal, and climatic temperature differences explained by separating radiation, evapotranspiration, and roughness effects
Naika Meili,Gabriele Manoli,Paolo Burlando,Jan Carmeliet,Winston T. L. Chow,Andrew M. Coutts,Andrew M. Coutts,Matthias Roth,Erik Velasco,Enrique R. Vivoni,Simone Fatichi,Simone Fatichi +11 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the cooling effect of urban trees in different climates and times of the day and found that evapotranspiration of well-watered trees alone can decrease local 2 m air temperature at maximum by 3.1-5.8 °C in the four climates during summer.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of urban trees in reducing land surface temperatures in European cities
Jonas Schwaab,Ronny Meier,Gianluca Mussetti,Sonia I. Seneviratne,Christine Bürgi,Edouard Davin,Edouard Davin +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used high-resolution satellite land surface temperatures (LSTs) and land-cover data from 293 European cities to infer the potential of urban trees to reduce LSTs and found that urban trees exhibit lower temperatures than urban fabric across most European cities in summer and during hot extremes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Urbanization Impact on Regional Climate and Extreme Weather: Current Understanding, Uncertainties, and Future Research Directions
Yun Qian,Trisha Chakraborty,Jianfeng Li,Dan Li,Cenlin He,Chandan Sarangi,Fei Chen,Xuchao Yang,L. Ruby Leung +8 more
TL;DR: In this article , the authors introduce the datasets and methods used in studying urban areas and their impacts through both observation and modeling and then summarize the scientific insights on the impact of urbanization on various aspects of regional climate and extreme weather based on more than 500 studies.
Journal ArticleDOI
A single-layer urban canopy model with transmissive radiation exchange between trees and street canyons
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a new Monte Carlo ray tracing method to explicitly resolve the canopy transmittance and evaluate its impact on radiative view factors between trees and regular building facets.
Journal ArticleDOI
Urban Heat Island and Its Interaction with Heatwaves: A Review of Studies on Mesoscale
TL;DR: In this article, a holistic review is conducted to articulate the findings of the synergies between UHI and heatwave conditions and corresponding mitigation measures proposed by the research community, and it is worth pointing out that most studies show that urban areas are more vulnerable than rural areas during HWs.
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