Journal ArticleDOI
Crisis in Context: The End of the Late Bronze Age in the Eastern Mediterranean
TLDR
The authors reviewed the current state of the archaeological and historical evidence and considered the coherence of climatic explanations and overprecise chronologies in attempting to place the "crisis" in context.Abstract:
Explanations for the Late Bronze Age crisis and collapse in the eastern Mediterranean are legion: migrations, predations by external forces, political struggles within dominant polities or system collapse among them, inequalities between centers and peripheries, climatic change and natural disasters, disease/plague. There has never been any overarching explanation to account for all the changes within and beyond the eastern Mediterranean, some of which occurred at different times from the mid to late 13th throughout the 12th centuries B.C.E. The ambiguity of the evidence—material, textual, climatic, chronological—and the differing contexts involved across the central-eastern Mediterranean make it difficult to disentangle background noise from boundary conditions and to distinguish cause from effect. Can we identify the protagonists of the crisis and related events? How useful are recent explanations that focus on climate and/or chronology in providing a better understanding of the crisis? This article reviews the current state of the archaeological and historical evidence and considers the coherence of climatic explanations and overprecise chronologies in attempting to place the “crisis” in context. There is no final solution: the human-induced Late Bronze Age “collapse” presents multiple material, social, and cultural realities that demand continuing, and collaborative, archaeological, historical, and scientific attention and interpretation. This article is available as open access on (AJA Online).read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Revisiting 1177 BCE and the Late Bronze Age Collapse
TL;DR: In 2019, a revised and updated version of 1177 BC: The Year Civilization Collapsed was published, in order to include all the new data that had appeared in the intervening seven years as mentioned in this paper .
Book
The Origins of Money in the Iron Age Mediterranean World
TL;DR: Heymans et al. as mentioned in this paper studied the early history of money in the Iron Age Mediterranean, tracing its development in the Levant and the Aegean, and deployed a wide range of sources to rethink money's role and origins in the history of the eastern Mediterranean.
Journal ArticleDOI
Barbarigenesis and the collapse of complex societies: Rome and after
TL;DR: This article developed a mathematical model of barbarigenesis, the formation of "barbarian" societies adjacent to more complex societies, and applied the model to the case of Europe in the first millennium CE.
Book ChapterDOI
Analysis of social resilience of villagers in the face of drought using LPCIEA indicator case study: Downstream of Dorodzan dam
TL;DR: In this paper, a composite index consisting of a geographic information system and remote sensing techniques was used to determine the resiliency and habitability of each zone in Fars Province, Iran.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
IntCal13 and Marine13 radiocarbon age calibration curves 0-50,000 years cal BP
Paula J. Reimer,Edouard Bard,Alex Bayliss,J. Warren Beck,Paula G Blackwell,Christopher Bronk Ramsey,Caitlin E. Buck,Hai Cheng,R. Lawrence Edwards,Michael Friedrich,Pieter Meiert Grootes,Thomas P. Guilderson,Haflidi Haflidason,Irka Hajdas,Christine Hatté,Timothy J Heaton,Dirk L. Hoffmann,Alan G. Hogg,Konrad A Hughen,K Felix Kaiser,Bernd Kromer,Sturt W. Manning,Mu Niu,Ron W Reimer,David Richards,E. Marian Scott,John Southon,Richard A. Staff,Christian Turney,Johannes van der Plicht +29 more
TL;DR: In this paper, Heaton, AG Hogg, KA Hughen, KF Kaiser, B Kromer, SW Manning, RW Reimer, DA Richards, JR Southon, S Talamo, CSM Turney, J van der Plicht, CE Weyhenmeyer
Journal ArticleDOI
Holocene climate variability
Paul Andrew Mayewski,Eelco E. Rohling,J. Curt Stager,Wibjörn Karlén,Kirk A. Maasch,L. David Meeker,Eric A. Meyerson,Françoise Gasse,Shirley A van Kreveld,Karin Holmgren,Julia A. Lee-Thorp,Gunhild Rosqvist,Frank Rack,Michael Staubwasser,Ralph R Schneider,Eric J. Steig +15 more
TL;DR: In this paper, an examination of similar to50 globally distributed paleoclimate records reveals as many as six periods of significant rapid climate change during the time periods 9000-8000, 6000-5000, 4200-3800, 3500-2500, 1200-1000, and 600-150 cal yr B.P.
Journal ArticleDOI
Long-Term Aridity Changes in the Western United States
TL;DR: Using gridded drought reconstructions that cover most of the western United States over the past 1200 years, it is shown that this drought pales in comparison to an earlier period of elevated aridity and epic drought in AD 900 to 1300, an interval broadly consistent with the Medieval Warm Period.
Journal ArticleDOI
2500 Years of European Climate Variability and Human Susceptibility
Ulf Büntgen,Ulf Büntgen,Willy Tegel,Kurt Nicolussi,Michael McCormick,David Frank,David Frank,Valerie Trouet,Valerie Trouet,Jed O. Kaplan,Franz Herzig,Karl Uwe Heussner,Heinz Wanner,Jürg Luterbacher,Jan Esper +14 more
TL;DR: Reconstruction of tree ring–based reconstructions of central European summer precipitation and temperature variability over the past 2500 years may provide a basis for counteracting the recent political and fiscal reluctance to mitigate projected climate change.
Journal ArticleDOI
Asian monsoon failure and megadrought during the last millennium.
Edward R. Cook,Kevin J. Anchukaitis,Brendan M. Buckley,Rosanne D'Arrigo,Gordon C. Jacoby,William E. Wright,William E. Wright +6 more
TL;DR: The Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas (MADA), a seasonally resolved gridded spatial reconstruction of Asian monsoon drought and pluvials over the past millennium, derived from a network of tree-ring chronologies, provides a long-term context for recent monsoon variability that is critically needed for climate modeling, prediction, and attribution.