Journal ArticleDOI
2500 Years of European Climate Variability and Human Susceptibility
Ulf Büntgen,Ulf Büntgen,Willy Tegel,Kurt Nicolussi,Michael McCormick,David Frank,David Frank,Valerie Trouet,Valerie Trouet,Jed O. Kaplan,Franz Herzig,Karl Uwe Heussner,Heinz Wanner,Jürg Luterbacher,Jan Esper +14 more
TLDR
Reconstruction of tree ring–based reconstructions of central European summer precipitation and temperature variability over the past 2500 years may provide a basis for counteracting the recent political and fiscal reluctance to mitigate projected climate change.Abstract:
Climate variations influenced the agricultural productivity, health risk, and conflict level of preindustrial societies. Discrimination between environmental and anthropogenic impacts on past civilizations, however, remains difficult because of the paucity of high-resolution paleoclimatic evidence. We present tree ring-based reconstructions of central European summer precipitation and temperature variability over the past 2500 years. Recent warming is unprecedented, but modern hydroclimatic variations may have at times been exceeded in magnitude and duration. Wet and warm summers occurred during periods of Roman and medieval prosperity. Increased climate variability from ~250 to 600 C.E. coincided with the demise of the western Roman Empire and the turmoil of the Migration Period. Such historical data may provide a basis for counteracting the recent political and fiscal reluctance to mitigate projected climate change.read more
Citations
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疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]/Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Journal ArticleDOI
Quantifying the influence of climate on human conflict
TL;DR: There is more agreement across studies regarding the influence of climate on human conflict than has been recognized previously and warmer temperatures or extremes of rainfall can be causally associated with changes in interpersonal violence and in civil war.
Journal ArticleDOI
Continental-scale temperature variability during the past two millennia
Moinuddin Ahmed,Kevin J. Anchukaitis,Kevin J. Anchukaitis,Asfawossen Asrat,H. P. Borgaonkar,Martina Braida,Brendan M. Buckley,Ulf Büntgen,Brian M. Chase,Brian M. Chase,Duncan A. Christie,Duncan A. Christie,Edward R. Cook,Mark A. J. Curran,Mark A. J. Curran,Henry F. Diaz,Jan Esper,Ze-Xin Fan,Narayan Prasad Gaire,Quansheng Ge,Joelle Gergis,J. Fidel González-Rouco,Hugues Goosse,Stefan W. Grab,Nicholas E. Graham,Rochelle Graham,Martin Grosjean,Sami Hanhijärvi,Darrell S. Kaufman,Thorsten Kiefer,Katsuhiko Kimura,Atte Korhola,Paul J. Krusic,Antonio Lara,Antonio Lara,Anne-Marie Lézine,Fredrik Charpentier Ljungqvist,Andrew Lorrey,Jürg Luterbacher,Valérie Masson-Delmotte,Danny McCarroll,Joseph R. McConnell,Nicholas P. McKay,Mariano S. Morales,Andrew D. Moy,Andrew D. Moy,Robert Mulvaney,Ignacio A. Mundo,Takeshi Nakatsuka,David J. Nash,David J. Nash,Raphael Neukom,Sharon E. Nicholson,Hans Oerter,Jonathan G. Palmer,Jonathan G. Palmer,Steven J. Phipps,María Prieto,Andrés Rivera,Masaki Sano,Mirko Severi,Timothy M. Shanahan,Xuemei Shao,Feng Shi,Michael Sigl,Jason E. Smerdon,Olga Solomina,Eric J. Steig,Barbara Stenni,Meloth Thamban,Valerie Trouet,Chris S. M. Turney,Mohammed Umer,Tas van Ommen,Tas van Ommen,Dirk Verschuren,A. E. Viau,Ricardo Villalba,Bo Møllesøe Vinther,Lucien von Gunten,Sebastian Wagner,Eugene R. Wahl,Heinz Wanner,Johannes P. Werner,James W. C. White,Koh Yasue,Eduardo Zorita +86 more
TL;DR: The authors reconstructed past temperatures for seven continental-scale regions during the past one to two millennia and found that the most coherent feature in nearly all of the regional temperature reconstructions is a long-term cooling trend, which ended late in the nineteenth century.
Journal ArticleDOI
Timing and climate forcing of volcanic eruptions for the past 2,500 years
Michael Sigl,Mai Winstrup,Joseph R. McConnell,Kees C. Welten,Gill Plunkett,Francis Ludlow,Ulf Büntgen,Marc W. Caffee,Nathan Chellman,Dorthe Dahl-Jensen,Hubertus Fischer,Sepp Kipfstuhl,Conor Kostick,Olivia J. Maselli,Florian Mekhaldi,Robert Mulvaney,Raimund Muscheler,Daniel R. Pasteris,Jonathan R. Pilcher,Matthew W. Salzer,Simon Schüpbach,J. P. Steffensen,Bo Møllesøe Vinther,Thomas E. Woodruff +23 more
TL;DR: It is shown that large eruptions in the tropics and high latitudes were primary drivers of interannual-to-decadal temperature variability in the Northern Hemisphere during the past 2,500 years and cooling was proportional to the magnitude of volcanic forcing.
Journal ArticleDOI
Social and economic impacts of climate
TL;DR: It is pointed out that society may also benefit from attending to ongoing impacts of climate in the present, because current climatic conditions impose economic and social burdens on populations today that rival in magnitude the projected end-of-century impacts ofClimate change.
References
More filters
疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]/Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Journal ArticleDOI
An improved method of constructing a database of monthly climate observations and associated high-resolution grids
Timothy D. Mitchell,Philip Jones +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a database of monthly climate observations from meteorological stations is constructed and checked for inhomogeneities in the station records using an automated method that refines previous methods by using incomplete and partially overlapping records and by detecting inhomalities with opposite signs in different seasons.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prioritizing Climate Change Adaptation Needs for Food Security in 2030
David B. Lobell,David B. Lobell,Marshall Burke,Claudia Tebaldi,Michael D. Mastrandrea,Walter P. Falcon,Rosamond L. Naylor +6 more
TL;DR: Results indicate South Asia and Southern Africa as two regions that, without sufficient adaptation measures, will likely suffer negative impacts on several crops that are important to large food-insecure human populations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate change and human health : present and future risks
TL;DR: The epidemiological evidence of how climate variations and trends affect various health outcomes is summarised and evidence and anticipation of adverse health effects will strengthen the case for pre-emptive policies, and guide priorities for planned adaptive strategies.
Journal Article
The smoothing spline : a new approach to standardizing forest interior tree-ring width series for dendroclimatic studies
Edward R. Cook,Kenneth Peters +1 more
TL;DR: The smoothing spline as discussed by the authors is a one-parameter family of low pass filters defined by p. This method is superior to orthogonal polynomials because it makes no assumptions about the shape of the curve to be used for standardization.
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