Effects of Influenza Vaccination in the United States During the 2017-2018 Influenza Season.
Melissa A Rolfes,Brendan Flannery,Jessie R Chung,Alissa O’Halloran,Shikha Garg,Edward A. Belongia,Manjusha Gaglani,Richard K. Zimmerman,Michael L. Jackson,Arnold S. Monto,Nisha B Alden,Evan J. Anderson,Nancy M. Bennett,Laurie M Billing,Seth Eckel,Pam Daily Kirley,Ruth Lynfield,Maya Monroe,Melanie Spencer,Nancy L Spina,H. Keipp Talbot,Ann Thomas,Salina Torres,Kimberly Yousey-Hindes,James A. Singleton,Manish M. Patel,Carrie Reed,Alicia M. Fry +27 more
TLDR
The results demonstrate the benefit of current influenza vaccination and the need for improved vaccines.Abstract:
Background The severity of the 2017-2018 influenza season in the United States was high, with influenza A(H3N2) viruses predominating. Here, we report influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) and estimate the number of vaccine-prevented influenza-associated illnesses, medical visits, hospitalizations, and deaths for the 2017-2018 influenza season. Methods We used national age-specific estimates of 2017-2018 influenza vaccine coverage and disease burden. We estimated VE against medically attended reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction-confirmed influenza virus infection in the ambulatory setting using a test-negative design. We used a compartmental model to estimate numbers of influenza-associated outcomes prevented by vaccination. Results The VE against outpatient, medically attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza was 38% (95% confidence interval [CI], 31%-43%), including 22% (95% CI, 12%-31%) against influenza A(H3N2), 62% (95% CI, 50%-71%) against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, and 50% (95% CI, 41%-57%) against influenza B. We estimated that influenza vaccination prevented 7.1 million (95% CrI, 5.4 million-9.3 million) illnesses, 3.7 million (95% CrI, 2.8 million-4.9 million) medical visits, 109 000 (95% CrI, 39 000-231 000) hospitalizations, and 8000 (95% credible interval [CrI], 1100-21 000) deaths. Vaccination prevented 10% of expected hospitalizations overall and 41% among young children (6 months-4 years). Conclusions Despite 38% VE, influenza vaccination reduced a substantial burden of influenza-associated illness, medical visits, hospitalizations, and deaths in the United States during the 2017-2018 season. Our results demonstrate the benefit of current influenza vaccination and the need for improved vaccines.read more
Citations
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Global burden of respiratory infections associated with seasonal influenza in children under 5 years in 2018: a systematic review and modelling study.
Xin Wang,You Li,Katherine L. O'Brien,Shabir A. Madhi,Marc-Alain Widdowson,Marc-Alain Widdowson,Peter Byass,Saad B. Omer,Qalab Abbas,Asad Ali,Alberta Amu,Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner,Quique Bassat,W. Abdullah Brooks,Sandra S. Chaves,Alexandria Chung,Cheryl Cohen,Marcela Echavarria,Rodrigo Fasce,Angela Gentile,Aubree Gordon,Michelle J. Groome,Terho Heikkinen,Siddhivinayak Hirve,Jorge Jara,Mark A. Katz,Mark A. Katz,Mark A. Katz,Najwa Khuri-Bulos,Anand Krishnan,Oscar de Leon,Marilla G. Lucero,John P. McCracken,Ainara Mira-Iglesias,Jennifer C. Moïsi,Patrick K. Munywoki,Millogo Ourohiré,Fernando P. Polack,Manveer Rahi,Zeba A Rasmussen,Barbara Rath,Samir K. Saha,Eric A. F. Simões,Eric A. F. Simões,Viviana Sotomayor,Somsak Thamthitiwat,Florette K. Treurnicht,Marylene Wamukoya,Lay-Myint Yoshida,Heather J. Zar,Harry Campbell,Harish Nair +51 more
TL;DR: The findings provide new and important evidence for maternal and paediatric influenza immunisation, and should inform future immunisation policy particularly in low-income and lower-middle-income countries.
Journal ArticleDOI
Spread of Antigenically Drifted Influenza A(H3N2) Viruses and Vaccine Effectiveness in the United States During the 2018-2019 Season.
Brendan Flannery,Rebecca Kondor,Jessie R Chung,Manjusha Gaglani,Michael D. Reis,Richard K. Zimmerman,Mary Patricia Nowalk,Michael L. Jackson,Lisa A. Jackson,Arnold S. Monto,Emily T. Martin,Edward A. Belongia,Huong Q. McLean,Sara S Kim,Lenee Blanton,Krista Kniss,Alicia P. Budd,Lynnette Brammer,Thomas J. Stark,John R. Barnes,David E. Wentworth,Alicia M. Fry,Manish M. Patel +22 more
TL;DR: Predominance of A(H3N2) clade 3C.3a viruses during the latter part of the 2018-2019 season was associated with decreased vaccine effectiveness, supporting the A( H3n2) vaccine component update for 2019-2020 northern hemisphere influenza vaccines.
Journal ArticleDOI
Efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of a plant-derived, quadrivalent, virus-like particle influenza vaccine in adults (18–64 years) and older adults (≥65 years): two multicentre, randomised phase 3 trials
Brian J. Ward,Alexander I. Makarkov,Annie Séguin,Stéphane Pillet,Sonia Trépanier,Jiwanjeet Dhaliwall,Michael Libman,Timo Vesikari,Nathalie Landry +8 more
TL;DR: Two phase 3 efficacy studies of a recombinant quadrivalent virus-like particle (QVLP) influenza vaccine manufactured in plants in adults aged 18-64 years and 65-plus, showing relative vaccine efficacy to prevent laboratory-confirmed influenza-like illness caused by any influenza strain are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Update: Influenza Activity — United States, September 30, 2018–February 2, 2019
Lenee Blanton,Vivien G. Dugan,Anwar Isa Abd Elal,Noreen Alabi,John Barnes,Lynnette Brammer,Alicia P Budd,Erin Burns,Charisse N Cummings,Shikha Garg,Rebecca Garten,Larisa V. Gubareva,Krista Kniss,Natalie Kramer,Alissa O’Halloran,Carrie Reed,Melissa A Rolfes,Wendy Sessions,Calli Taylor,Xiyan Xu,Alicia M. Fry,David E. Wentworth,Jacqueline M. Katz,Daniel B. Jernigan +23 more
TL;DR: This has been a low-severity influenza season, with a lower percentage of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness (ILI), lower rates of hospitalization, and fewer deaths attributed to pneumonia and influenza, compared with recent seasons.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interim Estimates of 2018-19 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness - United States, February 2019.
Joshua D. Doyle,Jessie R Chung,Sara S Kim,Manjusha Gaglani,Chandni Raiyani,Richard K. Zimmerman,Mary Patricia Nowalk,Michael L. Jackson,Lisa A. Jackson,Arnold S. Monto,Emily T. Martin,Edward A. Belongia,Huong Q. McLean,Angie Foust,Wendy Sessions,LaShondra Berman,Rebecca Garten,John R. Barnes,David E. Wentworth,Alicia M. Fry,Manish M. Patel,Brendan Flannery +21 more
TL;DR: Overall adjusted vaccine effectiveness against all influenza virus infection associated with medically attended ARI was 47% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 34%-57%) and for children aged 6 months-17 years, overall vaccine effectiveness was 61% (44%-73%).
References
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