Effects of ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine, and monochloramine on Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst viability.
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The data indicate that C. parvum oocysts are 30 times moreresistant to ozone and 14 times more resistant to chlorine dioxide than Giardia cysts exposed to these disinfectants under the same conditions.Abstract:
Purified Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts were exposed to ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine, and monochloramine. Excystation and mouse infectivity were comparatively evaluated to assess oocyst viability. Ozone and chlorine dioxide more effectively inactivated oocysts than chlorine and monochloramine did. Greater than 90% inactivation as measured by infectivity was achieved by treating oocysts with 1 ppm of ozone (1 mg/liter) for 5 min. Exposure to 1.3 ppm of chlorine dioxide yielded 90% inactivation after 1 h, while 80 ppm of chlorine and 80 ppm of monochloramine required approximately 90 min for 90% inactivation. The data indicate that C. parvum oocysts are 30 times more resistant to ozone and 14 times more resistant to chlorine dioxide than Giardia cysts exposed to these disinfectants under the same conditions. With the possible exception of ozone, the use of disinfectants alone should not be expected to inactivate C. parvum oocysts in drinking water.read more
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DissertationDOI
Developing Lab on a Chip Technology for the Detection and Characterisation of Giardia duodenalis cysts and Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts on Foods
TL;DR: High pressure processing in the food industry 23 CHAPTER 1 Enhancing the detection of Cryptosporidium spp.
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Contamination of Waterborne Parasites at Water Treatment Plants and a Gravity-feed System: a Highlight on Water Safety for Urban and Rural Communities in Kuching, Sarawak
Ahmad Syatir Tahar,Lesley Maurice Bilung,Kasing Apun,Reena Leeba Richard,Hashimatul Fatma Hashim,Elexson Nillian,Lau Seng,Yvonne A. L. Lim +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the distribution pattern of waterborne parasites in raw and treated water at urban and rural water treatment plants and untreated water from gravity-feed system in Kuching, Sarawak was determined.
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Detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in environmental matrices with immunomagnetic separation: two or three acid dissociations.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the technology of detection of Giardia spp. cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in environmental matrices obtained after water treatment on a bench scale.
References
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Book
Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater
TL;DR: The most widely read reference in the water industry, Water Industry Reference as discussed by the authors, is a comprehensive reference tool for water analysis methods that covers all aspects of USEPA-approved water analysis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Determination of ozone in water by the indigo method
TL;DR: In this article, the decolorization of indigo trisulfonate (600 nm, pH below 4) was used to determine the concentration of aqueous ozone in the range 0.005 −30 mg 1−1.
Journal ArticleDOI
Acute enterocolitis in a human being infected with the protozoan Cryptosporidium.
TL;DR: It is suggested, on the basis of the severity of the clinical symptoms, and on the pathological changes in the rectum, that the organism in this case is likely to have been the cause of the enterocolitis and thus to have was a pathogen rather than a commensal.
Journal ArticleDOI
Isolation of Cryptosporidium oocysts and sporozoites using discontinuous sucrose and isopycnic Percoll gradients.
TL;DR: Techniques for the large-scale isolation of Cryptosporidium oocysts and sporozoites, obtained from the feces of experimentally infected Holstein calves, were developed employing discontinuous sucrose gradients and isopycnic Percoll gradients.
Journal ArticleDOI
Large Community Outbreak of Cryptosporidiosis Due to Contamination of a Filtered Public Water Supply
Edward B. Hayes,Thomas Matte,Thomas R. O'Brien,Thomas W. McKinley,Gary S. Logsdon,Joan B. Rose,Beth L. P. Ungar,David M. Word,Margaret A. Wilson,Earl G. Long,Eugene S. Hurwitz,Dennis D. Juranek +11 more
TL;DR: Current standards for the treatment of public water supplies may not prevent the contamination of drinking water by Cryptosporidium, with consequent outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis, it is concluded.