Effects of ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine, and monochloramine on Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst viability.
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TLDR
The data indicate that C. parvum oocysts are 30 times moreresistant to ozone and 14 times more resistant to chlorine dioxide than Giardia cysts exposed to these disinfectants under the same conditions.Abstract:
Purified Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts were exposed to ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine, and monochloramine. Excystation and mouse infectivity were comparatively evaluated to assess oocyst viability. Ozone and chlorine dioxide more effectively inactivated oocysts than chlorine and monochloramine did. Greater than 90% inactivation as measured by infectivity was achieved by treating oocysts with 1 ppm of ozone (1 mg/liter) for 5 min. Exposure to 1.3 ppm of chlorine dioxide yielded 90% inactivation after 1 h, while 80 ppm of chlorine and 80 ppm of monochloramine required approximately 90 min for 90% inactivation. The data indicate that C. parvum oocysts are 30 times more resistant to ozone and 14 times more resistant to chlorine dioxide than Giardia cysts exposed to these disinfectants under the same conditions. With the possible exception of ozone, the use of disinfectants alone should not be expected to inactivate C. parvum oocysts in drinking water.read more
Citations
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The prevalence of giardia and cryptosporidium in taiwan water supplies
TL;DR: The risk assessment for adverse human effects arising from the presence of cysts and oocysts indicates the possibility of waterborne transmission of Giardia and Cryptosporidium infection in Taiwan if water is not adequately treated.
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An immunomagnetic separation-reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (IMS-RT-PCR) test for sensitive and rapid detection of viable waterborne Cryptosporidium parvum
TL;DR: The development of a viability assay for C. parvum oocysts based on immunomagnetic separation and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (IMS-RT-PCR) is reported, which can be used for drinking water quality control as well as for reliable evaluation of treatment efficiency.
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Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts recovered from water by the membrane filter dissolution method retain their infectivity.
TL;DR: Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts infectious to neonatal BALB/c mice were processed by the cellulose-acetate membrane (CAM) filter dissolution method to determine if the procedure that utilizes acetone incubation and alcohol centrifugations alters their viability or infectivity.
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Human health trade-offs in the disinfection of wastewater for landscape irrigation: microplasma ozonation vs. chlorination
Shengkun Dong,Jun Li,Min Hwan Kim,Sung-Jin Park,J. Gary Eden,Jeremy S. Guest,Thanh H. Nguyen +6 more
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Cryptosporidium infection in solid organ transplantation
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References
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TL;DR: The most widely read reference in the water industry, Water Industry Reference as discussed by the authors, is a comprehensive reference tool for water analysis methods that covers all aspects of USEPA-approved water analysis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Determination of ozone in water by the indigo method
TL;DR: In this article, the decolorization of indigo trisulfonate (600 nm, pH below 4) was used to determine the concentration of aqueous ozone in the range 0.005 −30 mg 1−1.
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Acute enterocolitis in a human being infected with the protozoan Cryptosporidium.
TL;DR: It is suggested, on the basis of the severity of the clinical symptoms, and on the pathological changes in the rectum, that the organism in this case is likely to have been the cause of the enterocolitis and thus to have was a pathogen rather than a commensal.
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Isolation of Cryptosporidium oocysts and sporozoites using discontinuous sucrose and isopycnic Percoll gradients.
TL;DR: Techniques for the large-scale isolation of Cryptosporidium oocysts and sporozoites, obtained from the feces of experimentally infected Holstein calves, were developed employing discontinuous sucrose gradients and isopycnic Percoll gradients.
Journal ArticleDOI
Large Community Outbreak of Cryptosporidiosis Due to Contamination of a Filtered Public Water Supply
Edward B. Hayes,Thomas Matte,Thomas R. O'Brien,Thomas W. McKinley,Gary S. Logsdon,Joan B. Rose,Beth L. P. Ungar,David M. Word,Margaret A. Wilson,Earl G. Long,Eugene S. Hurwitz,Dennis D. Juranek +11 more
TL;DR: Current standards for the treatment of public water supplies may not prevent the contamination of drinking water by Cryptosporidium, with consequent outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis, it is concluded.