Effects of ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine, and monochloramine on Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst viability.
TLDR
The data indicate that C. parvum oocysts are 30 times moreresistant to ozone and 14 times more resistant to chlorine dioxide than Giardia cysts exposed to these disinfectants under the same conditions.Abstract:
Purified Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts were exposed to ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine, and monochloramine. Excystation and mouse infectivity were comparatively evaluated to assess oocyst viability. Ozone and chlorine dioxide more effectively inactivated oocysts than chlorine and monochloramine did. Greater than 90% inactivation as measured by infectivity was achieved by treating oocysts with 1 ppm of ozone (1 mg/liter) for 5 min. Exposure to 1.3 ppm of chlorine dioxide yielded 90% inactivation after 1 h, while 80 ppm of chlorine and 80 ppm of monochloramine required approximately 90 min for 90% inactivation. The data indicate that C. parvum oocysts are 30 times more resistant to ozone and 14 times more resistant to chlorine dioxide than Giardia cysts exposed to these disinfectants under the same conditions. With the possible exception of ozone, the use of disinfectants alone should not be expected to inactivate C. parvum oocysts in drinking water.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein is a member of a multigene family and has a homolog in Toxoplasma.
Thomas J. Templeton,Cheryl A. Lancto,Vladimir Vigdorovich,Chang Liu,Nicole R. London,Kelly Z. Hadsall,Mitchell S. Abrahamsen +6 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that the COWP family of proteins have a structural role in apicomplexan species that produce durable shed cysts capable of surviving environmental stress.
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A Cryptosporidiosis Outbreak in a Filtered-Water Supply
TL;DR: A large outbreak of cryptosporidiosis occurred in Jackson County, Oregon from January to June 1992 as discussed by the authors, where 43 cases were associated with the drinking water system in the small community of Talent, Ore. Mechanical and operational deficiencies at one of the cipy's water filtration plants along with unusually poor raw water supply conditions because of low stream flows were possible cocauses of the outbreak.
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Influence of Pretreatment and Experimental Conditions on Electrophoretic Mobility and Hydrophobicity of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts
TL;DR: Results show that adhesion properties governed by the electrophoretic mobility of purified C. parvum oocysts can be altered by the method of purification and that hydrophobicity can change as oocyst age.
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Endemic babesiosis in another eastern state: New Jersey.
TL;DR: Babesiosis, a potentially serious zoonosis, is endemic in New Jersey and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with fever and hemolytic anemia, particularly in the spring, summer, and early fall.
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Ozone inactivation kinetics of Cryptosporidium in phosphate buffer
TL;DR: The I.g.H. model for pH 6–8 can be used as an aid in the design of ozone disinfection systems, and this robust fitted model was used to formulate ozone design criteria—the initial ozone residual required for a given contact time for 1–3 log units inactivation of ICryptosporidium at 22°C.
References
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Book
Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater
TL;DR: The most widely read reference in the water industry, Water Industry Reference as discussed by the authors, is a comprehensive reference tool for water analysis methods that covers all aspects of USEPA-approved water analysis.
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Determination of ozone in water by the indigo method
TL;DR: In this article, the decolorization of indigo trisulfonate (600 nm, pH below 4) was used to determine the concentration of aqueous ozone in the range 0.005 −30 mg 1−1.
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Acute enterocolitis in a human being infected with the protozoan Cryptosporidium.
TL;DR: It is suggested, on the basis of the severity of the clinical symptoms, and on the pathological changes in the rectum, that the organism in this case is likely to have been the cause of the enterocolitis and thus to have was a pathogen rather than a commensal.
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Isolation of Cryptosporidium oocysts and sporozoites using discontinuous sucrose and isopycnic Percoll gradients.
TL;DR: Techniques for the large-scale isolation of Cryptosporidium oocysts and sporozoites, obtained from the feces of experimentally infected Holstein calves, were developed employing discontinuous sucrose gradients and isopycnic Percoll gradients.
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Large Community Outbreak of Cryptosporidiosis Due to Contamination of a Filtered Public Water Supply
Edward B. Hayes,Thomas Matte,Thomas R. O'Brien,Thomas W. McKinley,Gary S. Logsdon,Joan B. Rose,Beth L. P. Ungar,David M. Word,Margaret A. Wilson,Earl G. Long,Eugene S. Hurwitz,Dennis D. Juranek +11 more
TL;DR: Current standards for the treatment of public water supplies may not prevent the contamination of drinking water by Cryptosporidium, with consequent outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis, it is concluded.