Effects of ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine, and monochloramine on Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst viability.
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TLDR
The data indicate that C. parvum oocysts are 30 times moreresistant to ozone and 14 times more resistant to chlorine dioxide than Giardia cysts exposed to these disinfectants under the same conditions.Abstract:
Purified Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts were exposed to ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine, and monochloramine. Excystation and mouse infectivity were comparatively evaluated to assess oocyst viability. Ozone and chlorine dioxide more effectively inactivated oocysts than chlorine and monochloramine did. Greater than 90% inactivation as measured by infectivity was achieved by treating oocysts with 1 ppm of ozone (1 mg/liter) for 5 min. Exposure to 1.3 ppm of chlorine dioxide yielded 90% inactivation after 1 h, while 80 ppm of chlorine and 80 ppm of monochloramine required approximately 90 min for 90% inactivation. The data indicate that C. parvum oocysts are 30 times more resistant to ozone and 14 times more resistant to chlorine dioxide than Giardia cysts exposed to these disinfectants under the same conditions. With the possible exception of ozone, the use of disinfectants alone should not be expected to inactivate C. parvum oocysts in drinking water.read more
Citations
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The Prevalence of Shedding of Cryptosporidium and Giardia Spp. Based on a Single Fecal Sample Collection from Each of 91 Horses used for Backcountry Recreation
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Beyond the Pipeline: Assessing the Efficiency Limits of Advanced Technologies for Solar Water Disinfection
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Longitudinal Analysis of Cryptosporidium Species-Specific Immunoglobulin G Antibody Responses in Peruvian Children
Jeffrey W. Priest,Caryn Bern,Lihua Xiao,Jacquelin M. Roberts,James P. Kwon,Andres G. Lescano,William Checkley,Lilia Cabrera,Delynn M. Moss,Michael J. Arrowood,Charles R. Sterling,Robert H. Gilman,Robert H. Gilman,Patrick J. Lammie +13 more
TL;DR: Monitoring of immunoglobulin G antibody levels in a cohort of children from Lima, Peru found that older children generally had higher levels of antibodies to the two C. parvum antigens, and believe the antibody assays will be important tools for monitoring the success of future public health interventions.
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Cryptosporidium and Giardia as Agents of Foodborne Disease.
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Detection of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in different water resources by Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP)
Carmen Gallas-Lindemann,Isaia Sotiriadou,Mohammad Reza Mahmoodi,Mohammad Reza Mahmoodi,Panagiotis Karanis +4 more
TL;DR: Evidence is provided that the assay is a sensitive, specific, rapid and cost effective method for the detection of T. gondii and is useful for both the investigations of cases of waterborne outbreaks and for identifying the source of contamination.
References
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Determination of ozone in water by the indigo method
TL;DR: In this article, the decolorization of indigo trisulfonate (600 nm, pH below 4) was used to determine the concentration of aqueous ozone in the range 0.005 −30 mg 1−1.
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Acute enterocolitis in a human being infected with the protozoan Cryptosporidium.
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Isolation of Cryptosporidium oocysts and sporozoites using discontinuous sucrose and isopycnic Percoll gradients.
TL;DR: Techniques for the large-scale isolation of Cryptosporidium oocysts and sporozoites, obtained from the feces of experimentally infected Holstein calves, were developed employing discontinuous sucrose gradients and isopycnic Percoll gradients.
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Large Community Outbreak of Cryptosporidiosis Due to Contamination of a Filtered Public Water Supply
Edward B. Hayes,Thomas Matte,Thomas R. O'Brien,Thomas W. McKinley,Gary S. Logsdon,Joan B. Rose,Beth L. P. Ungar,David M. Word,Margaret A. Wilson,Earl G. Long,Eugene S. Hurwitz,Dennis D. Juranek +11 more
TL;DR: Current standards for the treatment of public water supplies may not prevent the contamination of drinking water by Cryptosporidium, with consequent outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis, it is concluded.