Effects of ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine, and monochloramine on Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst viability.
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TLDR
The data indicate that C. parvum oocysts are 30 times moreresistant to ozone and 14 times more resistant to chlorine dioxide than Giardia cysts exposed to these disinfectants under the same conditions.Abstract:
Purified Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts were exposed to ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine, and monochloramine. Excystation and mouse infectivity were comparatively evaluated to assess oocyst viability. Ozone and chlorine dioxide more effectively inactivated oocysts than chlorine and monochloramine did. Greater than 90% inactivation as measured by infectivity was achieved by treating oocysts with 1 ppm of ozone (1 mg/liter) for 5 min. Exposure to 1.3 ppm of chlorine dioxide yielded 90% inactivation after 1 h, while 80 ppm of chlorine and 80 ppm of monochloramine required approximately 90 min for 90% inactivation. The data indicate that C. parvum oocysts are 30 times more resistant to ozone and 14 times more resistant to chlorine dioxide than Giardia cysts exposed to these disinfectants under the same conditions. With the possible exception of ozone, the use of disinfectants alone should not be expected to inactivate C. parvum oocysts in drinking water.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Immunomagnetic Separation (IMS)-Fluorescent Antibody Detection and IMS-PCR Detection of Seeded Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts in Natural Waters and Their Limitations
Gregory D. Sturbaum,Patricia T. Klonicki,Marilyn M. Marshall,B. Helen Jost,Brec L. Clay,Charles R. Sterling +5 more
TL;DR: Results illustrate that IMS-PCR is able to detect low oocyst numbers in natural waters, and PCR amplification alone is not confirmatory for detection of target DNA when environmental samples are used, while PCR primers need to be evaluated for specificity with organisms closely related to the target organism.
Journal ArticleDOI
Foodborne illness associated with Cryptosporidium and Giardia from livestock.
TL;DR: Intervention strategies aimed at preventing food contamination with Cryptosporidium and Giardia will require an integrated approach based on knowledge of the potential points of entry for these parasites into the food chain, and possible mechanisms for prevention and control are discussed.
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A Pulseless Corona-Discharge Process for the Oxidation of Organic Compounds in Water
TL;DR: Ozone is widely used to deactivate microorganisms and remove organic contaminants in water industries, but interest also exists in using radical species, which are stronger oxidants than ozone.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multicomponent spectroscopic investigations of salivary antioxidant consumption by an oral rinse preparation containing the stable free radical species chlorine dioxide (ClO2.).
Edward Lynch,Angela Sheerin,Andrew W.D. Claxson,Martin D. Atherton,Christopher J. Rhodes,Christopher J.L. Silwood,Declan P. Naughton,Martin Grootveld +7 more
TL;DR: A multicomponent evaluation of the oxidative consumption of salivary biomolecules by a commercially-available oral rinse preparation containing an admixture of the stable free radical species chlorine dioxide with chlorite anion with ClO2-) has been investigated using high resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stability of Weakly Acidic Hypochlorous Acid Solution with Microbicidal Activity.
Masayuki Ishihara,Kaoru Murakami,Koichi Fukuda,Shingo Nakamura,Masahiro Kuwabara,Hidemi Hattori,Masanori Fujita,Tomoharu Kiyosawa,Hidetaka Yokoe +8 more
TL;DR: Production of stable HOCl solution requires formulation in pure water harboring concentrations as low as possible of various compounds and ions, as well as storage in dark and cool conditions to maintain the concentration of HOCl molecules and microbicidal activity.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Determination of ozone in water by the indigo method
TL;DR: In this article, the decolorization of indigo trisulfonate (600 nm, pH below 4) was used to determine the concentration of aqueous ozone in the range 0.005 −30 mg 1−1.
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Acute enterocolitis in a human being infected with the protozoan Cryptosporidium.
TL;DR: It is suggested, on the basis of the severity of the clinical symptoms, and on the pathological changes in the rectum, that the organism in this case is likely to have been the cause of the enterocolitis and thus to have was a pathogen rather than a commensal.
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Isolation of Cryptosporidium oocysts and sporozoites using discontinuous sucrose and isopycnic Percoll gradients.
TL;DR: Techniques for the large-scale isolation of Cryptosporidium oocysts and sporozoites, obtained from the feces of experimentally infected Holstein calves, were developed employing discontinuous sucrose gradients and isopycnic Percoll gradients.
Journal ArticleDOI
Large Community Outbreak of Cryptosporidiosis Due to Contamination of a Filtered Public Water Supply
Edward B. Hayes,Thomas Matte,Thomas R. O'Brien,Thomas W. McKinley,Gary S. Logsdon,Joan B. Rose,Beth L. P. Ungar,David M. Word,Margaret A. Wilson,Earl G. Long,Eugene S. Hurwitz,Dennis D. Juranek +11 more
TL;DR: Current standards for the treatment of public water supplies may not prevent the contamination of drinking water by Cryptosporidium, with consequent outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis, it is concluded.