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Electric fields for generating unconventional motion of small objects

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TLDR
In this article, the authors focus on some more or less unconventional approaches, allowing in a direct or indirect way to design systems which show controlled motion, eventually combined with other functionalities such as light emission.
Abstract
Electric fields can be used in several ways to generate motion of objects. In this article, we focus on some more or less unconventional approaches, allowing in a direct or indirect way to design systems which show controlled motion, eventually combined with other functionalities such as light emission. We review some of the most recent results in this context with a special focus on bipolar electrochemistry as a straightforward approach for breaking symmetry, which is a necessary ingredient for any type of motion.

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Life at Low Reynolds Number

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Carbon Allotrope Nanomaterials Based Catalytic Micromotors

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of the inner catalytic layer of a tubular micromotor on its speed and performance has been investigated in different media (seawater, human serum, and juice samples).
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Nano/Microrobots Meet Electrochemistry

TL;DR: In this article, all aspects in the fundamentals and applications of electrochemistry in the realm of nano- and microrobots are reviewed, as well as all aspects of electrochemical and electric fields can be used for the directing of nanorobots and for detecting their positions.
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Bipolar Electrodes with 100% Current Efficiency for Sensors

TL;DR: The concept and history of the BPE for analytical chemistry is described and the recent developments in the application of BPEs for sensing with ultrahigh current efficiency including the open and closed bipolar system are reviewed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Life at low Reynolds number

TL;DR: Weisskopf as mentioned in this paper presented a transparencies of a tall rectangular transparent vessel of corn syrup, projected by an overhead projector turned on its side, which was itself a slightly edited transcript of a tape.
Journal ArticleDOI

Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence and Its Biorelated Applications

TL;DR: ECL has now become a very powerful analytical technique and been widely used in the areas of immunoassay, food and water testing, and biowarfare agent detection and has also been successfully exploited as a detector of flow injection analysis (FIA), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary electrophoresis, and micro total analysis (μTAS).
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Separation of Metallic from Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

TL;DR: This work has developed a method to separate metallic from semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes from suspension using alternating current dielectrophoresis, taking advantage of the difference of the relative dielectric constants of the two species with respect to the solvent.
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Synthetic self-propelled nanorotors.

TL;DR: Self-powered completely synthetic nanorotors have been prepared from barcoded gold-nickel nanorods having the gold end anchored to the surface of a silicon wafer; constant velocity circular movements are observed when hydrogen peroxide fuel is catalytically decomposed to oxygen at the unattached nickel end of the nanorod.
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Catalytic Nanomotors: Remote‐Controlled Autonomous Movement of Striped Metallic Nanorods

TL;DR: A method for controlling the directionality of nanorods by using an external magnetic field is presented and it is shown that electroplating nickel segments shorter than the diameter of the rod results in a rod that could be magnetized transversely rather than longitudinally.
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