Journal ArticleDOI
Electrically, Chemically, and Photonically Powered Torsional and Tensile Actuation of Hybrid Carbon Nanotube Yarn Muscles
Márcio D. Lima,Na Li,Na Li,Mônica Jung de Andrade,Shaoli Fang,Jiyoung Oh,Geoffrey M. Spinks,Mikhail E. Kozlov,Carter S. Haines,Dongseok Suh,Javad Foroughi,Seon Jeong Kim,Yongsheng Chen,Taylor H. Ware,Min Kyoon Shin,Leonardo D. Machado,Alexandre F. Fonseca,John D. W. Madden,Walter Voit,Douglas S. Galvao,Ray H. Baughman +20 more
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TLDR
Guest-filled, twist-spun carbon nanotube yarns are designed as electrolyte-free muscles that provide fast, high-force, large-stroke torsional and tensile actuation and can solve the problems of speed and lifetime.Abstract:
Artificial muscles are of practical interest, but few types have been commercially exploited. Typical problems include slow response, low strain and force generation, short cycle life, use of electrolytes, and low energy efficiency. We have designed guest-filled, twist-spun carbon nanotube yarns as electrolyte-free muscles that provide fast, high-force, large-stroke torsional and tensile actuation. More than a million torsional and tensile actuation cycles are demonstrated, wherein a muscle spins a rotor at an average 11,500 revolutions/minute or delivers 3% tensile contraction at 1200 cycles/minute. Electrical, chemical, or photonic excitation of hybrid yarns changes guest dimensions and generates torsional rotation and contraction of the yarn host. Demonstrations include torsional motors, contractile muscles, and sensors that capture the energy of the sensing process to mechanically actuate.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Carbon Nanotubes: Present and Future Commercial Applications
Michael De Volder,Michael De Volder,Michael De Volder,Sameh Tawfick,Sameh Tawfick,Ray H. Baughman,A. John Hart,A. John Hart +7 more
TL;DR: Although not yet providing compelling mechanical strength or electrical or thermal conductivities for many applications, CNT yarns and sheets already have promising performance for applications including supercapacitors, actuators, and lightweight electromagnetic shields.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular-channel driven actuator with considerations for multiple configurations and color switching.
Jiuke Mu,Gang Wang,Hongping Yan,Huayu Li,Xuemin Wang,Enlai Gao,Hou Chengyi,Anh Thi Cam Pham,Lianjun Wu,Qinghong Zhang,Yaogang Li,Zhi Ping Xu,Yang Guo,Elsa Reichmanis,Hongzhi Wang,Meifang Zhu +15 more
TL;DR: An ambient-driven actuator that takes advantage of inherent nanoscale molecular channels within a commercial perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer (PFSA) film, fabricated by simple solution processing to realize a rapid response, self-adaptive, and exceptionally stable actuation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Artificial Muscles from Fishing Line and Sewing Thread
Carter S. Haines,Márcio D. Lima,Na Li,Geoffrey M. Spinks,Javad Foroughi,John D. W. Madden,Shi Hyeong Kim,Shaoli Fang,Mônica Jung de Andrade,Fatma Göktepe,Özer Göktepe,Seyed M. Mirvakili,Sina Naficy,Xavier Lepró,Jiyoung Oh,Mikhail E. Kozlov,Seon Jeong Kim,Xiuru Xu,Xiuru Xu,Benjamin J. Swedlove,Gordon G. Wallace,Ray H. Baughman +21 more
TL;DR: In this article, high-strength polymer fibers used for fishing line and sewing thread can be easily transformed by twist insertion to provide fast, scalable, nonhysteretic, long-life tensile and torsional muscles.
Haines et al Science 2014 SM - Artificial Muscles from Fishing Line and Sewing Thread
Carter S. Haines,Marcio Dias Lima,Na Li,Geoffrey M. Spinks,Javad Foroughi,John D. W. Madden,Shi Hyeong Kim,Shaoli Fang,Mônica Jung de Andrade,Fatma Göktepe,Özer Göktepe,Seyed M. Mirvakili,Sina Naficy,Xavier Lepró,Jiyoung Oh,Mikhail Kozlov,Seon Jeong Kim,Xiuru Xu,Benjamin J. Swedlove,Gordon G. Wallace,Ray H. Baughman +20 more
TL;DR: It was demonstrated that inexpensive high-strength polymer fibers used for fishing line and sewing thread can be easily transformed by twist insertion to provide fast, scalable, nonhysteretic, long-life tensile and torsional muscles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Artificial Muscles: Mechanisms, Applications, and Challenges.
Seyed M. Mirvakili,Ian W. Hunter +1 more
TL;DR: The structure, actuation mechanism, applications, and limitations of recently developed artificial muscles, including highly oriented semicrystalline polymer fibers; nanocomposite actuators; twisted nanofiber yarns; thermally activated shape-memory alloys; ionic-polymer/metal composites; dielectric-elastomer actuator; and pneumatic actuators are discussed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Multifunctional Carbon Nanotube Yarns by Downsizing an Ancient Technology
TL;DR: By introducing twist during spinning of multiwalled carbon nanotubes from nanotube forests to make multi-ply, torque-stabilized yarns, this work achieves yarn strengths greater than 460 megapascals, nearly as tough as fibers used for bulletproof vests.
Journal ArticleDOI
Strong, Transparent, Multifunctional, Carbon Nanotube Sheets
Mei Zhang,Mei Zhang,Shaoli Fang,Shaoli Fang,Anvar A. Zakhidov,Anvar A. Zakhidov,Sergey Lee,Sergey Lee,Ali E. Aliev,Ali E. Aliev,Chris Williams,Chris Williams,Ken Atkinson,Ken Atkinson,Ray H. Baughman,Ray H. Baughman +15 more
TL;DR: Self-supporting nanotube sheets are initially formed as a highly anisotropic electronically conducting aerogel that can be densified into strong sheets that are as thin as 50 nanometers and the measured gravimetric strength of orthogonally oriented sheet arrays exceeds that of sheets of high-strength steel.
Journal ArticleDOI
The writhing number of a space curve
TL;DR: This study originated in response to questions that arise in the study of supercoiled double-stranded DNA rings, and measures the extent to which coiling of the central curve has relieved local twisting of the cord.
Journal ArticleDOI
Spinning and processing continuous yarns from 4-inch wafer scale super-aligned carbon nanotube arrays
X.P. Zhang,Kaili Jiang,Chen Feng,Peng Liu,Lina Zhang,Jing Kong,Taihua Zhang,Qunqing Li,Shoushan Fan +8 more
TL;DR: Zhang et al. as mentioned in this paper showed that CNT yarns can be drawn from super-aligned CNT arrays, where the top and bottom parts are more disordered and entangled than in the normal array.
Journal ArticleDOI
The selection of mechanical actuators based on performance indices
TL;DR: In this paper, a method is presented for selecting the type of actuator best suited to a given task, in the early stages of engineering design, based on matching performance characteristics of the actuator, such as force and displacement, to the requirements of the given task.
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Artificial Muscles from Fishing Line and Sewing Thread
Carter S. Haines,Márcio D. Lima,Na Li,Geoffrey M. Spinks,Javad Foroughi,John D. W. Madden,Shi Hyeong Kim,Shaoli Fang,Mônica Jung de Andrade,Fatma Göktepe,Özer Göktepe,Seyed M. Mirvakili,Sina Naficy,Xavier Lepró,Jiyoung Oh,Mikhail E. Kozlov,Seon Jeong Kim,Xiuru Xu,Xiuru Xu,Benjamin J. Swedlove,Gordon G. Wallace,Ray H. Baughman +21 more