Exercise Training as Therapy for Heart Failure Current Status and Future Directions
Jerome L. Fleg,Lawton S. Cooper,Barry A. Borlaug,Mark J. Haykowsky,William E. Kraus,Benjamin D. Levine,Marc A. Pfeffer,Ileana L. Piña,David C. Poole,Gordon R. Reeves,David J. Whellan,Dalane W. Kitzman +11 more
TLDR
This landmark study leaves several unanswered key questions, including the role of exercise dose; the relative benefit of different types of aerobic exercise, including high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and resistance, training relative to aerobic training; combination of exercise training with other therapies; optimization of adherence; benefit for older patients with HF, those with HFpEF or multiple comorbidities, and those with acute decompensated HF.Abstract:
Despite a variety of pharmacological and device therapies for persons with chronic heart failure (HF), prognosis and quality of life (QOL) remain poor. The need for new effective strategies to improve outcomes for patients with HF is underscored by persistently high mortality, morbidity, healthcare use, and costs associated with HF, with >1 million US HF hospitalizations at an estimated direct and indirect cost in the US of $40 billion in 2012.1
Exercise intolerance is a primary symptom in patients with chronic HF, both those with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), and is a strong determinant of prognosis and of reduced QOL.2 Exercise training improves exercise intolerance and QOL in patients with chronic stable HFrEF, and has become an accepted adjunct therapy for these patients (Class B level of evidence) based on a fairly extensive evidence base of randomized trials, mostly small.3
The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute–funded Heart Failure: A Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise Training (HF-ACTION) trial compared an individualized, supervised, and home-based aerobic exercise program plus guideline-based pharmacological and device therapy with guideline-based therapy alone in persons with HFrEF. The exercise arm showed a modest reduction in cardiovascular hospitalizations and mortality and improved QOL.4,5 However, problems with adherence in the exercise arm probably dampened the potential benefit. This landmark study leaves several unanswered key questions, including the role of exercise dose; the relative benefit of different types of aerobic exercise, including high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and resistance, training relative to aerobic training; combination of exercise training with other therapies; optimization of adherence; benefit for older patients with HF, those with HFpEF or multiple comorbidities, and those with acute decompensated HF.
The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened a working group of experts on June 11, …read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Sedentary Behavior, Exercise, and Cardiovascular Health.
TL;DR: The prognostic utility of cardiorespiratory fitness compared with obesity and the metabolic syndrome is reviewed, as well as the increase of physical activity /ET for patients with heart failure as a therapeutic strategy, and ET dosing.
Journal ArticleDOI
Resistance Training for Older Adults: Position Statement From the National Strength and Conditioning Association.
Maren S. Fragala,Eduardo Lusa Cadore,Sandor Dorgo,Mikel Izquierdo,William J. Kraemer,Mark D. Peterson,Eric D. Ryan +6 more
TL;DR: Evidence is provided to support recommendations for successful resistance training in older adults related to 4 parts: program design variables, physiological adaptations, functional benefits, and considerations for frailty, sarcopenia, and other chronic conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Heart Failure: Diagnosis, Management and Utilization.
TL;DR: This review article provides a general overview of types of HF pathogenesis and diagnostic features of HF including the crucial role of exercise in determining the severity of heart failure, the efficacy of therapeutic strategies and the morbidity/mortality of HF.
Journal ArticleDOI
Physical Rehabilitation for Older Patients Hospitalized for Heart Failure
Dalane W. Kitzman,David J. Whellan,Pamela W. Duncan,Amy M. Pastva,Robert J. Mentz,Gordon R. Reeves,M. Benjamin Nelson,Haiying Chen,Bharathi Upadhya,Shelby D Reed,Mark A. Espeland,LeighAnn Hewston,Christopher M. O'Connor +12 more
TL;DR: In this paper, older patients who are hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure have high rates of physical frailty, poor quality of life, delayed recovery, and frequent rehospitaliza...
Journal ArticleDOI
Exercise Intolerance in Patients With Heart Failure: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.
Marco Giuseppe Del Buono,Ross Arena,Barry A. Borlaug,Salvatore Carbone,Justin M. Canada,Danielle L. Kirkman,Ryan S. Garten,Paula Rodriguez-Miguelez,Marco Guazzi,Carl J. Lavie,Antonio Abbate +10 more
TL;DR: The different modalities to quantify exercise intolerance, the pathophysiology of HF, and comorbid conditions as they lead to reductions in exercise and functional capacity are reviewed, highlighting the fact that distinct causes may coexist and variably contribute to exercise intolerance in patients with HF.
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Superior Cardiovascular Effect of Aerobic Interval Training Versus Moderate Continuous Training in Heart Failure Patients A Randomized Study
Ulrik Wisløff,Asbjørn Støylen,Jan Pål Loennechen,Morten Bruvold,Øivind Rognmo,Per Magnus Haram,Arnt Erik Tjønna,Jan Helgerud,Stig A. Slørdahl,Sang Jun Lee,Vibeke Videm,Anja Bye,Godfrey L. Smith,Sonia M. Najjar,Øyvind Ellingsen,Terje Skjærpe +15 more
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Efficacy and safety of exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure: HF-ACTION randomized controlled trial.
Christopher M. O'Connor,David J. Whellan,David J. Whellan,Kerry L. Lee,Steven J. Keteyian,Lawton S. Cooper,Stephen J. Ellis,Eric S. Leifer,William E. Kraus,Dalane W. Kitzman,James A. Blumenthal,David S. Rendall,Nancy Houston Miller,Jerome L. Fleg,Kevin A. Schulman,Robert S. McKelvie,Faiez Zannad,Ileana L. Piña +17 more
TL;DR: Exercise training was associated with modest significant reductions for both all-cause mortality or hospitalization and cardiovascular mortality or heart failure hospitalization, and in key secondary clinical end points.
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