Journal ArticleDOI
Experimental benchmarks of the Monte Carlo code penelope
TLDR
In this paper, the authors discuss the mixed (class II) scheme used to transport intermediate-and high-energy electrons and positrons and, in particular, the approximations adopted to account for the energy dependence of the interaction cross-sections.Abstract:
The physical algorithms implemented in the latest release of the general-purpose Monte Carlo code penelope for the simulation of coupled electron–photon transport are briefly described. We discuss the mixed (class II) scheme used to transport intermediate- and high-energy electrons and positrons and, in particular, the approximations adopted to account for the energy dependence of the interaction cross-sections. The reliability of the simulation code, i.e. of the adopted interaction models and tracking algorithms, is analyzed by means of a comprehensive comparison of simulation results with experimental data available from the literature. The present analysis demonstrates that penelope yields a consistent description of electron transport processes in the energy range from a few keV up to about 1 GeV.read more
Citations
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PENELOPE-2006: A Code System for Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron and Photon Transport
TL;DR: The PENELOPE as mentioned in this paper computer code system performs Monte Carlo simulation of coupled electron-photon transport in arbitrary materials for a wide energy range, from a few hundred eV to about 1 GeV.
Journal ArticleDOI
4D XCAT phantom for multimodality imaging research
TL;DR: The XCAT provides an important tool in imaging research to evaluate and improve imaging devices and techniques and may also provide the necessary foundation with which to optimize clinical CT applications in terms of image quality versus radiation dose.
Journal ArticleDOI
Spectral measures of risk: A coherent representation of subjective risk aversion
TL;DR: In this article, the authors study a space of coherent risk measures M/ obtained as certain expansions of coherent elementary basis measures and give necessary and sufficient conditions on / for M/ to be a coherent measure.
Journal ArticleDOI
MCAT to XCAT: The Evolution of 4-D Computerized Phantoms for Imaging Research
TL;DR: The evolution of computerized phantoms toward more accurate models of anatomy and physiology was catalyzed through the introduction of nonuniform rational b-spline (NURBS) and subdivision (SD) surfaces, tools widely used in computer graphics, as modeling primitives to define a more ideal hybrid phantom.
Journal ArticleDOI
Modeling of ionization produced by fast charged particles in gases
TL;DR: In this article, a modification of the photo absorption ionization (PAI) model was proposed to distinguish the interactions with different atomic shells and to determine the energy of the primary photoelectrons and possible atomic relaxation cascades.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Methods in Computational Physics
Journal ArticleDOI
Bremsstrahlung Cross-Section Formulas and Related Data
H. W. Koch,J. W. Motz +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
PENELOPE: An algorithm for Monte Carlo simulation of the penetration and energy loss of electrons and positrons in matter
TL;DR: In this paper, a mixed algorithm for Monte Carlo simulation of relativistic electron and positron transport in matter is described, where cross sections for the different interaction mechanisms are approximated by expressions that permit the generation of random tracks by using purely analytical methods.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pair Production and Bremsstrahlung of Charged Leptons
TL;DR: In this article, photo pair productions of electrons, muons, and heavy leptons and bremsstrahlung of electrons and muons are reviewed and the atomic and nuclear form factors necessary for these calculations are discussed.
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