Journal ArticleDOI
Extended international (IOTF) body mass index cut-offs for thinness, overweight and obesity.
Tim J Cole,Tim Lobstein +1 more
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TLDR
The international (International Obesity Task Force; IOTF) body mass index cut‐offs are widely used to assess the prevalence of child overweight, obesity and thinness and based on data from six countries fitted by the LMS method, they link BMI values at 18 years to child centiles, which are averaged across the countries.Abstract:
SummaryBackground
The international (International Obesity Task Force; IOTF) body mass index (BMI) cut-offs are widely used to assess the prevalence of child overweight, obesity and thinness. Based on data from six countries fitted by the LMS method, they link BMI values at 18 years (16, 17, 18.5, 25 and 30 kg m−2) to child centiles, which are averaged across the countries. Unlike other BMI references, e.g. the World Health Organization (WHO) standard, these cut-offs cannot be expressed as centiles (e.g. 85th).
Methods
To address this, we averaged the previously unpublished L, M and S curves for the six countries, and used them to derive new cut-offs defined in terms of the centiles at 18 years corresponding to each BMI value. These new cut-offs were compared with the originals, and with the WHO standard and reference, by measuring their prevalence rates based on US and Chinese data.
Results
The new cut-offs were virtually identical to the originals, giving prevalence rates differing by <0.2% on average. The discrepancies were smaller for overweight and obesity than for thinness. The international and WHO prevalences were systematically different before/after age 5.
Conclusions
Defining the international cut-offs in terms of the underlying LMS curves has several benefits. New cut-offs are easy to derive (e.g. BMI 35 for morbid obesity), and they can be expressed as BMI centiles (e.g. boys obesity = 98.9th centile), allowing them to be compared with other BMI references. For WHO, median BMI is relatively low in early life and high at older ages, probably due to its method of construction.read more
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Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults
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Journal ArticleDOI
Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Emma Nichols,Jaimie D Steinmetz,Stein Emil Vollset,Kai Fukutaki,Julian Chalek,Foad Abd-Allah,Amir Abdoli,Ahmed Abualhasan,Eman Abu-Gharbieh,Tayyaba Tayyaba Akram,Hanadi Khamis Al Hamad,Fares Alahdab,Fahad Mashhour Alanezi,Vahid Alipour,Sami Almustanyir,Hubert Amu,Iman Ansari,Jalal Arabloo,Tahira Ashraf,Thomas Astell-Burt,Getinet Ayano,José Luis Ayuso-Mateos,Atif Amin Baig,Anthony Barnett,Amadou Barrow,Bernhard T. Baune,Yannick Béjot,Woldesellassie M. Bezabhe,Yihienew Mequanint Bezabih,Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula,Sonu Bhaskar,Krittika Bhattacharyya,Ali Bijani,Atanu Biswas,Srinivasa Rao Bolla,Archith Boloor,Carol Brayne,Hermann Brenner,Katrin Burkart,Richard A. Burns,L.A. Cámera,Chao Cao,Félix Carvalho,Luis F.S. Castro-de-Araujo,Ferrán Catalá-López,Ester Cerin,Prachi Chavan,Nicolas Cherbuin,Dinh-Toi Chu,Vera Marisa Costa,Rosa A. S. Couto,Omid Dadras,Xiaochen Dai,Lalit Dandona,Rakhi Dandona,Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora,Deepak Dhamnetiya,D. Dias da Silva,Daniel Diaz,Abdel Douiri,David Edvardsson,Michael Ekholuenetale,Iman El Sayed,Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary,Khalil Eskandari,Sharareh Eskandarieh,Saman Esmaeilnejad,Jawad Fares,André Faro,Umar Farooque,Valery L. Feigin,Xiaoqi Feng,Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad,Eduarda Fernandes,Pietro Ferrara,Irina Filip,Howard Fillit,Florian Fischer,Shilpa Gaidhane,Lucia Galluzzo,Ahmad Ghashghaee,Nermin Ghith,Alessandro Gialluisi,Syed Amir Gilani,Ionela-Roxana Glavan,Elena V. Gnedovskaya,Mahaveer Golechha,Rajeev Gupta,Veera Gupta,Vivek K. Gupta,Mohammad Rifat Haider,Brian J. Hall,Samer Hamidi,Asif Hanif,Graeme J. Hankey,Shafiul Haque,Risky Kusuma Hartono,Ahmed I. Hasaballah,M Tasdik Hasan,Amr Hassan,Simon I. Hay,Khezar Hayat,Mohamed I Hegazy,Golnaz Heidari,Reza Heidari-Soureshjani,Claudiu Herteliu,Mowafa Househ,Rabia Hussain,Bing-Fang Hwang,Licia Iacoviello,Ivo Iavicoli,Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi,Irena Ilic,Milena Ilic,Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani,Hiroyasu Iso,Masao Iwagami,Roxana Jabbarinejad,Louis Jacob,Vardhmaan Jain,Sathish Kumar Jayapal,Ranil Jayawardena,Ravi Prakash Jha,Jost B. Jonas,Nitin Joseph,Rizwan Kalani,Amit Kandel,Himal Kandel,André Karch,Ayele Semachew Kasa,Gizat M. Kassie,Pedram Keshavarz,Moien Ab Khan,Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib,Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer Khoja,Jagdish Khubchandani,Min Seo Kim,Yun Jin Kim,Adnan Kisa,Sezer Kisa,Mika Kivimäki,Walter J. Koroshetz,Ai Koyanagi,G Anil Kumar,Manasi Kumar,Hassan Mehmood Lak,Matilde Leonardi,Bingyu Li,Stephen S Lim,Xuefeng Liu,Yuewei Liu,Giancarlo Logroscino,Stefan Lorkowski,Giancarlo Lucchetti,Ricardo Lutzky Saute,Francesca Magnani,Ahmad Azam Malik,João Massano,Man Mohan Mehndiratta,Ritesh G. Menezes,Atte Meretoja,Bahram Mohajer,Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim,Yousef Mohammad,Arif Shareef Mohammed,Ali H. Mokdad,Stefania Mondello,Mohammad Ali Moni,Mohammad Moniruzzaman,Tilahun Belete Mossie,Gabriele Nagel,Muhammad Naveed,Vinod C Nayak,Sandhya Neupane Kandel,Trang Huyen Nguyen,Bogdan Oancea,Nikita Otstavnov,Stanislav S. Otstavnov,Mayowa O. Owolabi,Songhomitra Panda-Jonas,Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan,Maja Pasovic,Urvish K Patel,Mona Pathak,Mario Fernando Prieto Peres,Arokiasamy Perianayagam,Carrie Beth Peterson,Michael R. Phillips,Marina Pinheiro,Michael A. Piradov,Constance D. Pond,Michele Potashman,Faheem Hyder Pottoo,Sergio I. Prada,Amir Radfar,Alberto Raggi,Fakher Rahim,Mosiur Rahman,Pradhum Ram,Priyanga Ranasinghe,David Laith Rawaf,Salman Rawaf,Nima Rezaei,Aziz Rezapour,Stephen R. Robinson,Michele Romoli,Gholamreza Roshandel,Ramesh Sahathevan,Amirhossein Sahebkar,Mohammad Ali Sahraian,Brijesh Sathian,Davide Sattin,Monika Sawhney,Mete Saylan,Silvia Schiavolin,Allen Seylani,Feng Sha,Masood Ali Shaikh,K. S. Shaji,Mohammed Shannawaz,Jeevan K. Shetty,Mika Shigematsu,Rahman Shiri,Diego Augusto Santos Silva,João Pedro Silva,Renata Silva,Jasvinder A. Singh,Valentin Yurievich Skryabin,Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina,Amanda E. Smith,Sergey Soshnikov,Emma Elizabeth Spurlock,Dan J. Stein,Jing Sun,Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos,Bhaskar Thakur,Binod Timalsina,Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone,Bach Xuan Tran,Gebiyaw Wudie Tsegaye,Sahel Valadan Tahbaz,Pascual R. Valdez,Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian,Vasily Vlassov,Giang Thu Vu,Linh Gia Vu,Yuanqiang Wang,Anders Wimo,Andrea Sylvia Winkler,Lalit Yadav,Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari,Kazumasa Yamagishi,Lin Yang,Yuichiro Yano,Naohiro Yonemoto,Chuanhua Yu,Ismaeel Yunusa,Siddhesh Zadey,Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin,Anasthasia Zastrozhina,Zhi-Jiang Zhang,Christopher J L Murray,Theo Vos +262 more
TL;DR: This study aimed to improve on previous forecasts of dementia prevalence by producing country-level estimates and incorporating information on selected risk factors, using relative risks and forecasted risk factor prevalence to predict GBD risk-attributable prevalence in 2050 globally and by world region and country.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents
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