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Extinction risk and conservation of the world's sharks and rays
Nicholas K. Dulvy,Sarah L. Fowler,John A. Musick,Rachel D. Cavanagh,Peter M. Kyne,Lucy R. Harrison,John K. Carlson,Lindsay Davidson,Sonja V. Fordham,Malcolm P. Francis,Caroline M. Pollock,Colin A. Simpfendorfer,George H. Burgess,Kent E. Carpenter,Leonard J. V. Compagno,David A. Ebert,Claudine Gibson,Michelle R. Heupel,Suzanne R. Livingstone,Jonnell C. Sanciangco,John D. Stevens,Sarah Valenti,William T. White +22 more
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TLDR
Overall chondrichthyan extinction risk is substantially higher for sharks, rays, and chimaeras than for most other vertebrates, and only one-third of species are considered safe.Abstract:
The rapid expansion of human activities threatens ocean-wide biodiversity loss. Numerous marine animal populations have declined, yet it remains unclear whether these trends are symptomatic of a chronic accumulation of global marine extinction risk. We present the first systematic analysis of threat for a globally-distributed lineage of 1,041 chondrichthyan fishes - sharks, rays, and chimaeras. We estimate that one-quarter are threatened according to IUCN Red List criteria due to overfishing (targeted and incidental). Large-bodied, shallow-water species are at greatest risk and five out of the seven most threatened families are rays. Overall chondrichthyan extinction risk is substantially higher than for most other vertebrates, and only one-third of species are considered safe. Population depletion has occurred throughout the world's ice-free waters, but is particularly prevalent in the Indo-Pacific Biodiversity Triangle and Mediterranean Sea. Improved management of fisheries and trade is urgently needed to avoid extinctions and promote population recovery.read more
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Predictive habitat suitability models to aid conservation of elasmobranch diversity in the central Mediterranean Sea
TL;DR: This study helps to identify priority conservation areas and diversity hot-spots for rare and endangered elasmobranchs in the Mediterranean Sea by investigating habitat preference and diversity in relation to five environmental predictors in the central Mediterranean Sea.
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DNA-based identification reveals illegal trade of threatened shark species in a global elasmobranch conservation hotspot
Leonardo Manir Feitosa,Ana Paula Barbosa Martins,Ana Paula Barbosa Martins,Tommaso Giarrizzo,Wagner Macedo,Iann Leonardo Pinheiro Monteiro,Romário Gemaque,Jorge Luiz Silva Nunes,Fernanda Gomes,Horacio Schneider,Iracilda Sampaio,Rosália Furtado Cutrim Souza,João Bráullio de Luna Sales,Luis Fernando da Silva Rodrigues-Filho,Ligia Tchaicka,Luis Fernando Carvalho-Costa +15 more
TL;DR: Trading of endangered shark species in a world hotspot for elasmobranch conservation in Brazil is reported, using partial sequences of two mitochondrial genes (COI and/or NADH2) to identify 17 shark species from 427 samples being harvested and marketed on the northern coast of Brazil.
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First estimates of Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) local abundances in Arctic waters.
TL;DR: The baited camera results illustrate the ubiquity of this elusive species and suggest that Nunavut’s Lancaster Sound eco-zone may be of particular importance for Greenland shark, a potentially vulnerable Arctic species.
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Genetic differentiation and phylogeography of Mediterranean-North Eastern Atlantic blue shark (Prionace glauca, L. 1758) using mitochondrial DNA: panmixia or complex stock structure?
Agostino Leone,Ilenia Urso,Dimitrios Damalas,Jann T. Martinsohn,Antonella Zanzi,Stefano Mariani,Emilio Sperone,Primo Micarelli,Fulvio Garibaldi,Persefoni Megalofonou,Luca Bargelloni,Rafaella Franch,David Macías,Paulo A. Prodöhl,Seán Fitzpatrick,Marco Stagioni,Fausto Tinti,Alessia Cariani +17 more
TL;DR: The weak, but significant, differences in Mediterranean and adjacent North-eastern Atlantic blue sharks revealed a complex phylogeographic structure, which appears to reject the assumption of panmixia across the study area, but also supports a certain degree of population connectivity across the Strait of Gibraltar, despite the lack of evidence of migratory movements observed by tagging data.
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Trends in Marine Resources and Fisheries Management in Indonesia: A Review
Lucentezza Napitupulu,Smita Tanaya,Ines Ayostina,Indah Andesta,Ria Fitriana,Desti Ayunda,Armyanda Tussadiah,Komariah Ervita,Khesyia Makhas,Rizky Firmansyah,Rizky Haryanto +10 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors aggregated the best available data and provided in-depth analysis on marine and fisheries issues to encourage evidence-based approaches in decision-making processes to ensure ocean resources are managed sustainably and equitably.
References
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Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities
Norman Myers,Russell A. Mittermeier,Cristina G. Mittermeier,Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca,Jennifer Kent +4 more
TL;DR: A ‘silver bullet’ strategy on the part of conservation planners, focusing on ‘biodiversity hotspots’ where exceptional concentrations of endemic species are undergoing exceptional loss of habitat, is proposed.
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A general and simple method for obtaining R2 from generalized linear mixed-effects models
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Global Biodiversity: Indicators of Recent Declines
Stuart H. M. Butchart,Stuart H. M. Butchart,Matt Walpole,Ben Collen,Arco J. van Strien,Jörn P. W. Scharlemann,Rosamunde E. A. Almond,Jonathan E. M. Baillie,Bastian Bomhard,Ciaire Brown,John F. Bruno,Kent E. Carpenter,Geneviève M. Carr,Janice Chanson,Anna M. Chenery,Jorge Csirke,Nick C. Davidson,Frank Dentener,Matthew N. Foster,Alessandro Galli,James N. Galloway,Piero Genovesi,Richard D. Gregory,Marc Hockings,Valerie Kapos,Valerie Kapos,Jean-Francois Lamarque,Fiona Leverington,Jonathan Loh,Melodie A. McGeoch,Louise McRae,Anahit Minasyan,Monica Hernández Morcillo,Thomasina E.E. Oldfield,Daniel Pauly,Suhel Quader,Carmen Revenga,John R. Sauer,Benjamin Skolnik,Dian Spear,Damon Stanwell-Smith,Simon N. Stuart,Andy Symes,Megan Tierney,Tristan D. Tyrrell,Jean Christophe Vié,Reg Watson +46 more
TL;DR: Most indicators of the state of biodiversity showed declines, with no significant recent reductions in rate, whereas indicators of pressures on biodiversity showed increases, indicating that the Convention on Biological Diversity’s 2010 targets have not been met.
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Status and Trends of Amphibian Declines and Extinctions Worldwide
Simon N. Stuart,Janice Chanson,Neil A. Cox,Bruce E. Young,Ana S. L. Rodrigues,Debra L. Fischman,Robert W. Waller +6 more
TL;DR: The first global assessment of amphibians provides new context for the well-publicized phenomenon of amphibian declines and shows declines are nonrandom in terms of species' ecological preferences, geographic ranges, and taxonomic associations and are most prevalent among Neotropical montane, stream-associated species.
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ROCR: visualizing classifier performance in R
TL;DR: UNLABELLED ROCR is a package for evaluating and visualizing the performance of scoring classifiers in the statistical language R that features over 25 performance measures that can be freely combined to create two-dimensional performance curves.
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