Journal ArticleDOI
Fatal Caffeine Intoxication: A Series of Eight Cases from 1999 to 2009
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TLDR
Cases investigated over 10 years by the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner for the State of Maryland whose cause of death was solely or in combination due to caffeine intoxication were reviewed, resulting in the largest case series reported to date of lethal caffeine intoxication.Abstract:
Caffeine, 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine, is the most widely consumed legal stimulant. The most potent form is over the counter oral tablets. The estimated average daily adult caffeine consumption is 300 mg. Rarely, serious toxicities such as seizure and cardiac arrhythmias have caused death. Caffeine concentrations of 80 mg/L are considered lethal. Cases investigated over 10 years by the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner for the State of Maryland (OCME) whose cause of death was solely or in combination due to caffeine intoxication were reviewed. A total of eight adult cases were identified consisting of two suicides and six undetermined manners. The average postmortem caffeine concentration was 140.4 mg/L. This is the largest case series reported to date of lethal caffeine intoxication. Large doses of prescription medications and/or over the counter medications were abused. No overdoses were from consumption of caffeine-containing foods. Comprehensive postmortem toxicological testing should test for caffeine to capture these rare deaths.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man
TL;DR: Congratulations to Dr. Baselt for the publication of his 10th edition and the expansion of his classic toxicology text to cover over 1,500 medications and chemicals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Caffeine: Cognitive and Physical Performance Enhancer or Psychoactive Drug?
TL;DR: The present review summarizes the main findings concerning caffeine’s mechanisms of action, use, abuse, dependence, intoxication, and lethal effects, and suggests that the concepts of toxic and lethal doses are relative.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Safety of Ingested Caffeine: A Comprehensive Review.
Jennifer L. Temple,Christophe Bernard,Steven E. Lipshultz,Jason D. Czachor,Joslyn A. Westphal,Miriam A. Mestre +5 more
TL;DR: It is reported that, for healthy adults, caffeine Consumption is relatively safe, but that for some vulnerable populations, caffeine consumption could be harmful, including impairments in cardiovascular function, sleep, and substance use.
Journal ArticleDOI
Structure-Bioactivity Relationships of Methylxanthines: Trying to Make Sense of All the Promises and the Drawbacks
TL;DR: The potential shown by methylxanthines in such a wide range of conditions should substantiate many other scientific endeavors that may highlight their adequacy as adjuvant therapy agents and may contribute to the advent of functional foods.
Journal ArticleDOI
The clinical toxicology of caffeine: A review and case study.
TL;DR: An attempted case reconstruction is performed in an effort to shed light on the clinical toxicology of caffeine with a focus on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of caffeine.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Food sources and intakes of caffeine in the diets of persons in the United States
TL;DR: Coffee was the major source of caffeine in the diets of adults, whereas soft drinks were the primary source for children and teens, and caffeine consumption increased among people aged 2 to 54 years.
Journal ArticleDOI
Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man
TL;DR: Congratulations to Dr. Baselt for the publication of his 10th edition and the expansion of his classic toxicology text to cover over 1,500 medications and chemicals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Clinical Pharmacology of Caffeine
TL;DR: This chapter reviews the human pharmacology of caffeine; the evidence for its role in causing human disease, including addiction; and its potential usefulness as a therapeutic agent.
Journal ArticleDOI
Caffeine content of specialty coffees
TL;DR: In this study, the coffees sold as decaffeinated were found to have caffeine concentrations less than 17.7mg/dose, and there was a wide range in caffeine content present in caffeinated coffees ranging from 58 to 259 mg/dose.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fatal caffeine overdose: Two case reports
Sarah Kerrigan,Tania Lindsey +1 more
TL;DR: Fatal caffeine overdoses in adults are relatively rare and require the ingestion of a large quantity of the drug, typically in excess of 5 g.
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