Journal ArticleDOI
Frontal Dysfunction and Frontal Cortical Synapse Loss in Alcoholism –The Main Cause of Alcohol Dementia?
Arne Brun,Jessica Andersson +1 more
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
A consistent pattern of synapse loss in the superior laminae of the frontal cortical area 10 of Brodman in heavy drinkers, not related to liver disease or possible previous mental disease, seems to be a plausible main cause of the alcoholic frontal symptomatology and alcoholic dementia.Abstract:
Alcoholics often develop personality and behavioural changes, social and personal neglect, confabulation, lack of insight, empathy and emotional control. Such symptoms would increase the risk of engagement in and exposure to acts of violence and criminal activities carrying a risk of physical damage including head trauma and violent death. This was the case in at least 4 of the studied cases. A structural basis for such frontal lobe symptoms was looked for in a forensic material of 18 alcoholics, compared with an age-matched control group with regard to liver disease, brain changes of the Wernicke-Korsakoff type and cortical, especially frontal cortical changes. The salient finding was a consistent pattern of synapse loss in the superior laminae of the frontal cortical area 10 of Brodman in heavy drinkers, not related to liver disease or possible previous mental disease. The synapse loss is more likely related to alcohol, possibly mediated through vitamin B deficiency. Brain stem lesions as a source of additional symptoms cannot be dismissed. This pattern of synapse loss in alcoholism has not been described previously. The cortical changes are closely similar to those found in frontotemporal dementia, and seem to be a plausible main cause of the alcoholic frontal symptomatology and alcoholic dementia.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Drogas, violência e aspectos emocionais em apenados
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the severity of drug abuse and drug dependence among prisoners as well as their emotional aspects, and to relate drug use with violent behavior, symptoms of depression and anxiety, type of crime and relapse.
Journal ArticleDOI
The bioactivity of plasma factors in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
Joanna Marszal,Moin A. Saleem +1 more
TL;DR: A growing appreciation of the podocyte as the target cell in this disease, and an understanding of the key molecules involved provides promising avenues towards finally solving the basis of this enigmatic disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparison of 2 Diagnostic Criteria for the Behavioral Variant of Frontotemporal Dementia
Sónia Costa,Marc Suárez-Calvet,Sofia Antón,Oriol Dols-Icardo,Jordi Clarimón,Daniel Alcolea,Juan Fortea,Maria Ángeles Carmona,Isabel Sala,M. Belen Sánchez-Saudinós,Rafael Blesa,Alberto Lleó +11 more
TL;DR: The recently proposed diagnostic criteria of the International bvFTD Criteria Consortium (FTDC) are less restrictive and hence more sensitive for the diagnosis of bv FTD.
Journal ArticleDOI
Depletion of Gprc5a Promotes Development of Diabetic Nephropathy
Xiaojie Ma,Angelina Schwarz,Sonia Zambrano Sevilla,Anna Levin,Kjell Hultenby,Annika Wernerson,Mark Lal,Jaakko Patrakka +7 more
TL;DR: Gprc5a has an important role in the pathogenesis of DN, and further study of the podocyte-specific signaling activity of this protein is warranted.
Journal ArticleDOI
Alcool e violencia em homens e mulheres
TL;DR: The impact of alcohol in men and women regarding neurobiological mechanisms is discussed, emphasizing its psychoactive effects as well as its implication for violent behavior.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Brain lesions in alcoholics. A neuropathological study with clinical correlations.
TL;DR: Among 8735 autopsies performed during a 5-year period at Ulleval Hospital in Oslo, there were 70 cases of Wernicke's encephalopathy and 152 cases of alcoholic cerebellar atrophy.
Journal ArticleDOI
The neuropathology of alcohol-specific brain damage, or does alcohol damage the brain?
TL;DR: Dendritic and synaptic changes have been documented in uncomplicated alcoholics and these, together with receptor and transmitter changes, may explain functional changes and cognitive deficits that precede the more severe structural neuronal changes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reduced Cerebral Grey Matter Observed in Alcoholics Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Terry L. Jernigan,Nelson Butters,Nelson Butters,Gina M. Ditraglia,Kimberly Schafer,Thomas J. Smith,Michael R. Irwin,Michael R. Irwin,Igor Grant,Igor Grant,Marc A. Schuckit,Marc A. Schuckit,Laird S. Cermak,Laird S. Cermak +13 more
TL;DR: Although there was little evidence for relationships between performance on neuropsychological tests and volume of grey matter structures, significant correlations between some cognitive measures and subcortical and cortical fluid volumes were found.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chronic alcohol consumption does not cause hippocampal neuron loss in humans
Antony J. Harding,A. Wong,M.D Svoboda,Jillian J. Kril,Jillian J. Kril,Glenda M. Halliday,Glenda M. Halliday +6 more
TL;DR: The results do not support the theory that chronic alcohol consumption is neurotoxic to hippocampal pyramidal neurons in humans and suggest that changes observed in rodent models of alcoholism do not parallel those observed in humans, questioning the validity of such models.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neuronal counts from four cortical regions of alcoholic brains.
Jillian J. Kril,Clive Harper +1 more
TL;DR: The hypothesis of regional variations in the severity of cerebral cortical damage in alcoholism with shrinkage of neurons in most regions examined but neuronal loss only in the superior frontal gyrus is supported.