Showing papers in "Neuroscience in 1997"

TL;DR: The anatomical distribution and density of cannabinoid receptors in the human brain was studied in one fetal, two neonatal and eight adult human cases using quantitative receptor autoradiography following in vitro labelling of sections with the synthetic cannabinoid agonist [3H]CP55,940.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the theta rhythm is controlled by a network of cells extending from the brainstem to the septum/hippocampus and that its disruption (electroencephalographic desynchronization) may block or temporarily suspend mnemonic processes of the hippocampus.

TL;DR: Observations substantiate that glucagon-like peptide-1 neurons of the solitary tract constitute a distinct non-catecholaminergic cell group which projects to many targets, one of which is the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus.

TL;DR: The results demonstrate that distinct components below 1 Hz are also present in the human sleep electroencephalogram spectrum, in accordance with results from animal experiments.

TL;DR: It appears unlikely that sex differences in the corticosteroid-binding globulin and corticosterone response can account for these morphological differences found in males and females.

TL;DR: The selective frontal neurodegeneration and the frontal focus of white matter atrophy are supported by neuropsychological, regional blood flow, and magnetic resonance imaging studies of frontal lobe dysfunction in chronic alcoholics and may correlate with abnormalities in working memory.

TL;DR: The forebrain afferents to the dorsal raphe nucleus are re-examined using cholera toxin b subunit and Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin as retrograde or anterograde tracers and a substantial to large number of retrogradely-labelled cells are observed in the central nucleus of the amygdala following tracer injections.

TL;DR: The detection of brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein in several discrete regions of the adult brain, and brain- derived neurotrophicfactor's dramatic up-regulation following kainate treatment, strongly supports a role ofbrain-derived Neurotrophic factor in the maintenance of adult neurons and synapses.

TL;DR: The data suggest that acute application of tumour necrosis factor- α to the axon can lead to aberrant electrophysiologic activity independent of peripheral receptor involvement, and this low level of ectopic firing of nociceptive axons may produce wind-up in dorsal horn neurons or may be interpreted as pain.

TL;DR: It is concluded that a 150 mg/kg dose of MPTP can elicit apoptotic cell death in nigral dopaminergic neurons of the C57B1 mouse.

TL;DR: It is suggested that granule cell death stimulates the proliferation of precursor cells, many of which survive and differentiate into mature granule neurons.

TL;DR: This finding suggests that adrenal steroids and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation regulate granule cell production in the adult rat dentate gyrus through a common pathway and that N- methyl-D, aspartate receptors activation operates downstream of corticosterone in this pathway.

TL;DR: Histological examination revealed that intramedullary hemorrhages observed 24 h after compression at the 12th thoracic vertebra of the spinal cord were significantly attenuated in leukocytopenic animals and those which received the anti-P-selectin monoclonal antibody, suggesting that activated neutrophils play an important role in compression-inducedThoracic spinal cord injury.

TL;DR: Significant genetic correlations were obtained for behavioural measures suggesting that the same genes regulate various aspects of performance on behavioural tasks, confirming the importance of genetic background in the performance of various learning tasks.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided that 4-hydroxynonenal, an aldehydic product of lipid peroxidation, mediates oxidation-induced impairment of glutamate transport and mitochondrial function in synapses and plays important roles in oxidative impairment of synaptic functions that would be expected to promote excitotoxic cascades.

TL;DR: The distribution of the GABA(A) receptor subunits indicates the existence of heterogenously constituted GABA( A) receptor complexes within various hippocampal subfields, which may exert different physiological or pharmacological properties upon stimulation by GABA or its agonists.

TL;DR: Messenger RNAs for D2 receptors and enkephalin are selectively expressed in the accumbens-pallidal projection while transcripts encoding D1 receptors and substance P are contained in the efferent projections to both the ventral pallidum and ventral tegmental area.

TL;DR: The data suggest that ascorbate predominates in neurons, whereas glutathione is slightly predominant in glia, as well as neuron and glia involvement in disease states linked to oxidative stress.

TL;DR: The regulation of the phosphorylation state of tau is discussed, a process that is important in determining its functional properties and is of relevance in the understanding of mechanisms of neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration.

TL;DR: This article reviews recent data from different experimental approaches that challenge the established model of basal ganglia organization by reinterpreting the functional interaction between the external segment of the pallidum and the subthalamic nucleus in both the normal and pathological state.

TL;DR: The accumbens shell and extended amygdala form an extensive forebrain continuum, which establishes specific neuronal circuits with the medial prefrontal-orbitofrontal cortex and medial temporal lobe, and is particularly characterized by a prominent system of long intrinsic association fibers.

TL;DR: The region-specific expression of CB1 and CB2 receptor messenger RNAs suggests that these receptors have a functional role during embryogenesis.

TL;DR: The data suggest that a population of GABAergic neurons innervating the locus coeruleus are selectively active during rapid-eye-movement sleep, consistent with the hypothesis that GABAergic inhibition is responsible for the cessation of discharge in locus coerceduleus neurons during REM sleep.

TL;DR: The elicitation and reduction of fear were indexed with fear-potentiated startle and corticosterone release and induction of the immediate-early gene c-fos as a marker of neural activity in male Sprague-Dawley rats.

TL;DR: The results indicate that EAAT4 protein is largely localized to cerebellar cortex and lower levels of EAAT2 protein are present in forebrain by immunoblot and immunohistochemistry, and probably contribute to glutamate re-uptake mechanisms at Purkinje cell synapses.

TL;DR: The results suggest that hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene expression plays an important role in the memory consolidation process and in the expression of long-term potentiation in rats, and suggests that brain- derived neurotrophicfactor gene expression is involved in behavioural plasticity.

TL;DR: Stress produces a rapid increase in glutamate efflux in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, repeated stress reveals tolerance in the glutamatergic response in the frontal cortex, saline and diazepam pretreatment reduce the stress-induced efflux of glutamate in therontal cortex, and exposure todiazepam may prevent the cortex from adapting its response to the subsequent stressor.

TL;DR: Morphological reconstruction of neurobiotin-filled neurons revealed that the pars reticulata GABA neurons had more extensive local dendritic arborization than the dopamine neurons from either the pars retina or pars compacta, and it is likely that this basal ganglia output is frequency coded.

TL;DR: In this article, the occurrence of high-frequency gamma activity (30-60 Hz) and its relationship to other frequency band activities were examined by spectral analysis of the electroencephalogram in association with sleep wake states and spontaneous behaviors in the rat.

TL;DR: The present data suggest that corticofugal axons innervate forebrain neurons that are primarily inhibitory and non-cholinergic; local forebrain axonal arborizations of these cells may represent a mechanism by which prefrontal cortical areas control basal forebrain cholinergic neurons outside the traditional boundaries of pallidal areas.