Journal ArticleDOI
Genetics and Evolution of Phenotypic Plasticity
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TLDR
Phenotypic plasticity is the change in the expressed phenotype of a genotype as a function of the environment, and is likely due both to differences in allelic expression across environments and to changes in interactions among loci.Abstract:
To achieve a coherent evolutionary theory, it is necessary to account for the effects of the environment on the process of development. Phenotypic plasticity is the change in the expressed phenotype of a genotype as a function of the environment. Various measures of plasticity exist, many of which can be united within the framework of a polynomial function. This function is the norm of reaction. For the special case of a linear reaction norm, genetic variation can be partitioned into portions that are independent and dependent on the environment. From this partition two heritability measures are derived which can be used, alternatively, to compare populations or make predictions about the response to selection. Genetically, plasticity is likely due both to differences in allelic expression across environments and to changes in interactions among loci; plasticity is not a function of heterozygosity. Plasticity responds to both artificial and natural selection. The evolution of plasticity is modeled in thre...read more
Citations
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Phenotypic plasticity, canalization, and the origins of novelty: Evidence and mechanisms from amphibians.
TL;DR: Am amphibians offer some of the best support for plasticity's role in the origin of evolutionary novelties, and the PFE hypothesis is summarized and described to show how it can be evaluated in natural systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Theoretical approaches to the evolution of development and genetic architecture.
TL;DR: Some of the principal questions to which these theoretical methods have been applied, including the evolution of canalization, modularity, and developmental associations between traits, are considered.
Efecto de las señales visuales y la calidad del néctar en la toma de decisiones económicas en Apis mellifera
Hernández Peña,Juan Carlos +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the efecto of the distancia perceptual de color and the diferencia in the concentracion del nectar in the escogencia floral of A. mellifera L. var. africanizada was evaluated.
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The effects of plant genetic variation and soil nutrients on secondary chemistry and growth in a shrubby willow, Salix sericea: patterns and constraints on the evolution of resistance traits
TL;DR: Overall, the evolution of these traits might be constrained by a lack of genetic variation in some environments, but not by negative genetic correlations between the different traits.
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Growth changes in Rhodnius pallescens under simulated domestic and sylvatic conditions
TL;DR: A laboratory protocol measuring the effects of population density and feeding patterns on the growth of R. pallescens suggested that selection is not needed to account for observed changes between sylvatic and domestic ecotopes, and they did not agree with an effect of development time on size.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The evolution of life histories
TL;DR: In this article, age and size at maturity at maturity number and size of offspring Reproductive lifespan and ageing are discussed. But the authors focus on the effects of age and stage structure on fertility.
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Evolution in Mendelian Populations.
TL;DR: Page 108, last line of text, for "P/P″" read "P′/ P″."
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The measurement of selection on correlated characters
Russell Lande,Stevan J. Arnold +1 more
TL;DR: Measures of directional and stabilizing selection on each of a set of phenotypically correlated characters are derived, retrospective, based on observed changes in the multivariate distribution of characters within a generation, not on the evolutionary response to selection.
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Stability Parameters for Comparing Varieties
S. A. Eberhart,W. A. Russell +1 more
TL;DR: The model, Yij = μ1 + β1Ij + δij, defines stability parameters that may be used to describe the performance of a variety over a series of environments to see whether genetic differences could be detected.