Journal ArticleDOI
Genetics and Evolution of Phenotypic Plasticity
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TLDR
Phenotypic plasticity is the change in the expressed phenotype of a genotype as a function of the environment, and is likely due both to differences in allelic expression across environments and to changes in interactions among loci.Abstract:
To achieve a coherent evolutionary theory, it is necessary to account for the effects of the environment on the process of development. Phenotypic plasticity is the change in the expressed phenotype of a genotype as a function of the environment. Various measures of plasticity exist, many of which can be united within the framework of a polynomial function. This function is the norm of reaction. For the special case of a linear reaction norm, genetic variation can be partitioned into portions that are independent and dependent on the environment. From this partition two heritability measures are derived which can be used, alternatively, to compare populations or make predictions about the response to selection. Genetically, plasticity is likely due both to differences in allelic expression across environments and to changes in interactions among loci; plasticity is not a function of heterozygosity. Plasticity responds to both artificial and natural selection. The evolution of plasticity is modeled in thre...read more
Citations
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Posted ContentDOI
Broad geographic sampling reveals predictable and pervasive seasonal adaptation in Drosophila
Heather E. Machado,Alan O. Bergland,Ryan W. Taylor,Susanne Tilk,Emily L. Behrman,Kelly A. Dyer,Daniel K. Fabian,Thomas Flatt,Josefa González,Talia L. Karasov,Iryna Kozeretska,Brian P. Lazzaro,Thomas J.S. Merritt,John E. Pool,Katherine R. O'Brien,Subhash Rajpurohit,Paula R. Roy,Stephen W. Schaeffer,Svitlana Serga,Paul S. Schmidt,Dmitri A. Petrov +20 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied genomic signatures of seasonal adaptation in Drosophila melanogaster and found that seasonal changes in allele frequency are mirrored by spatial variation in allele frequencies and that seasonal adaptation affects allele frequencies at ~1.0-2.5% of polymorphisms genome-wide.
Journal ArticleDOI
Thermal reaction norms in sperm performance of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua).
TL;DR: This is the first study to describe variable sperm performance across environmental conditions as a reaction norm, and the results have potential theoretical, conserva- tion, and aquaculture implications.
Journal ArticleDOI
Developmental Plasticity in Plants
M de Jong,Ottoline Leyser +1 more
TL;DR: This review discusses the genetic control mechanisms that underlie plasticity and their implications for plant evolution, using the control of flowering time in Arabidopsis as an example.
Journal ArticleDOI
Selective advantage of irreversible and reversible phenotypic plasticity
TL;DR: A recent model on phenotypic plasticity is extended so that reversible and irreversible plasticity can be compared and complete and incomplete information are treated as two extreme cases of the reliability of those cues.
Journal ArticleDOI
On the networked architecture of genotype spaces and its critical effects on molecular evolution
TL;DR: When the complex architecture of genotype spaces is taken into account, the evolutionary dynamics of molecular populations becomes intrinsically non-uniform, sharing deep qualitative and quantitative similarities with slowly driven physical systems: nonlinear responses analogous to critical transitions, sudden state changes or hysteresis.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
Evolution in Mendelian Populations.
TL;DR: Page 108, last line of text, for "P/P″" read "P′/ P″."
Journal ArticleDOI
The measurement of selection on correlated characters
Russell Lande,Stevan J. Arnold +1 more
TL;DR: Measures of directional and stabilizing selection on each of a set of phenotypically correlated characters are derived, retrospective, based on observed changes in the multivariate distribution of characters within a generation, not on the evolutionary response to selection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stability Parameters for Comparing Varieties
S. A. Eberhart,W. A. Russell +1 more
TL;DR: The model, Yij = μ1 + β1Ij + δij, defines stability parameters that may be used to describe the performance of a variety over a series of environments to see whether genetic differences could be detected.