Journal ArticleDOI
Genetics and Evolution of Phenotypic Plasticity
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TLDR
Phenotypic plasticity is the change in the expressed phenotype of a genotype as a function of the environment, and is likely due both to differences in allelic expression across environments and to changes in interactions among loci.Abstract:
To achieve a coherent evolutionary theory, it is necessary to account for the effects of the environment on the process of development. Phenotypic plasticity is the change in the expressed phenotype of a genotype as a function of the environment. Various measures of plasticity exist, many of which can be united within the framework of a polynomial function. This function is the norm of reaction. For the special case of a linear reaction norm, genetic variation can be partitioned into portions that are independent and dependent on the environment. From this partition two heritability measures are derived which can be used, alternatively, to compare populations or make predictions about the response to selection. Genetically, plasticity is likely due both to differences in allelic expression across environments and to changes in interactions among loci; plasticity is not a function of heterozygosity. Plasticity responds to both artificial and natural selection. The evolution of plasticity is modeled in thre...read more
Citations
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Experimental life-history evolution: selection on the allocation to sexual reproduction and its plasticity in a clonal plant
TL;DR: A high heritability and potential for further evolution of the proportion of flowering rosettes in R. reptans is indicated, but not for its plasticity, which may have been fixed by past evolution at its current level.
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Predator-induced phenotypic plasticity within- and across-generations: a challenge for theory?
TL;DR: It is shown that predator exposure during embryonic development causes earlier maturation and increased reproductive output, and the relationship between within- versus across-generation plasticity is explored, highlighting the need to refine the theory of transgenerational plasticity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Induced morphological defenses in the wild: Predator effects on a mayfly, Drunella coloradensis
TL;DR: Evidence of chemically induced morphological plasticity is provided that could reduce predation rates of these mayflies in natural stream environments and caudal filament length appears to enhance survival.
Journal ArticleDOI
Toward a conceptual framework for biology.
TL;DR: The nature of theory in biology is discussed and an overarching theory is put forth, as well as new general theories for cells, organisms, and genetics, which constitute a general conceptual framework for the biological sciences.
Journal ArticleDOI
Increased Phenotypic Plasticity to Climate May Have Boosted the Invasion Success of Polyploid Centaurea stoebe
TL;DR: The role of phenotypic plasticity in the invasion of Centaurea stoebe is studied and evidence for adaptive plasticity is found, which suggests that increased plasticity may have contributed to the invasion success of tetraploid C. stoeb by providing an advantage under the novel climatic conditions.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The evolution of life histories
TL;DR: In this article, age and size at maturity at maturity number and size of offspring Reproductive lifespan and ageing are discussed. But the authors focus on the effects of age and stage structure on fertility.
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Evolution in Mendelian Populations.
TL;DR: Page 108, last line of text, for "P/P″" read "P′/ P″."
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The measurement of selection on correlated characters
Russell Lande,Stevan J. Arnold +1 more
TL;DR: Measures of directional and stabilizing selection on each of a set of phenotypically correlated characters are derived, retrospective, based on observed changes in the multivariate distribution of characters within a generation, not on the evolutionary response to selection.
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Stability Parameters for Comparing Varieties
S. A. Eberhart,W. A. Russell +1 more
TL;DR: The model, Yij = μ1 + β1Ij + δij, defines stability parameters that may be used to describe the performance of a variety over a series of environments to see whether genetic differences could be detected.