Journal ArticleDOI
Genetics and Evolution of Phenotypic Plasticity
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TLDR
Phenotypic plasticity is the change in the expressed phenotype of a genotype as a function of the environment, and is likely due both to differences in allelic expression across environments and to changes in interactions among loci.Abstract:
To achieve a coherent evolutionary theory, it is necessary to account for the effects of the environment on the process of development. Phenotypic plasticity is the change in the expressed phenotype of a genotype as a function of the environment. Various measures of plasticity exist, many of which can be united within the framework of a polynomial function. This function is the norm of reaction. For the special case of a linear reaction norm, genetic variation can be partitioned into portions that are independent and dependent on the environment. From this partition two heritability measures are derived which can be used, alternatively, to compare populations or make predictions about the response to selection. Genetically, plasticity is likely due both to differences in allelic expression across environments and to changes in interactions among loci; plasticity is not a function of heterozygosity. Plasticity responds to both artificial and natural selection. The evolution of plasticity is modeled in thre...read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Ecological limits to plant phenotypic plasticity
TL;DR: It is shown that plastic responses to abiotic factors are reduced under situations of conservative resource use in stressful and unpredictable habitats, and that extreme levels in a given abiotic factor can negatively influence Plastic responses to another factor.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phenotypic similarity and the evolutionary significance of countergradient variation.
David O. Conover,Eric T. Schultz +1 more
TL;DR: Cases of countergradient variation offer unique insight into the mechanisms that produce and maintain phenotypic similarity and/or differences along environmental gradients.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ecological consequences of phenotypic plasticity.
Benjamin G. Miner,Sonia E. Sultan,Steven G. Morgan,Dianna K. Padilla,Dianna K. Padilla,Rick A. Relyea +5 more
TL;DR: An expanding body of work is highlighted that examines how plasticity can affect all levels of ecological organization through effects on demographic parameters, direct and indirect species interactions, such as competition, predation, and coexistence, and ultimately carbon and nutrient cycles.
BookDOI
Evolution, the Extended Synthesis
Massimo Pigliucci,Gerd B. Müller +1 more
TL;DR: In the six decades since the publication of Huxley's Evolution: The Modern Synthesis, the spectacular empirical advances in the biological sciences have been accompanied by equally significant developments within the core theoretical framework of the discipline.
Journal ArticleDOI
Heritable variation and evolution under favourable and unfavourable conditions.
Ary A. Hoffmann,Juha Merilä +1 more
TL;DR: Although a consensus is unlikely, recent Drosophila and bird studies suggest consistent trends for morphological traits under particular conditions.
References
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The measurement of selection on correlated characters
Russell Lande,Stevan J. Arnold +1 more
TL;DR: Measures of directional and stabilizing selection on each of a set of phenotypically correlated characters are derived, retrospective, based on observed changes in the multivariate distribution of characters within a generation, not on the evolutionary response to selection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stability Parameters for Comparing Varieties
S. A. Eberhart,W. A. Russell +1 more
TL;DR: The model, Yij = μ1 + β1Ij + δij, defines stability parameters that may be used to describe the performance of a variety over a series of environments to see whether genetic differences could be detected.