Journal ArticleDOI
Genetics and Evolution of Phenotypic Plasticity
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TLDR
Phenotypic plasticity is the change in the expressed phenotype of a genotype as a function of the environment, and is likely due both to differences in allelic expression across environments and to changes in interactions among loci.Abstract:
To achieve a coherent evolutionary theory, it is necessary to account for the effects of the environment on the process of development. Phenotypic plasticity is the change in the expressed phenotype of a genotype as a function of the environment. Various measures of plasticity exist, many of which can be united within the framework of a polynomial function. This function is the norm of reaction. For the special case of a linear reaction norm, genetic variation can be partitioned into portions that are independent and dependent on the environment. From this partition two heritability measures are derived which can be used, alternatively, to compare populations or make predictions about the response to selection. Genetically, plasticity is likely due both to differences in allelic expression across environments and to changes in interactions among loci; plasticity is not a function of heterozygosity. Plasticity responds to both artificial and natural selection. The evolution of plasticity is modeled in thre...read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Deciphering life history transcriptomes in different environments.
William J. Etges,Meredith V. Trotter,Cassia Cardoso de Oliveira,Subhash Rajpurohit,Allen G. Gibbs,Shripad Tuljapurkar +5 more
TL;DR: The transcriptome of D. mojavensis reared in natural environments throughout its life cycle revealed core developmental transitions and genome‐wide influences on life history variation in natural populations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phenotypic plasticity in age and size at maturity and its effects on the integrated phenotypic expressions of life history traits of Cardamine flexuosa (Cruciferae)
TL;DR: Variations with age and size at maturity are mostly explicable in terms of inherent relationships in the developmental processes, and they may limit the ecological range expansion and the adaptive evolution of plasticity in C. flexuosa.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phenotypic plasticity and sexual dimorphism in size at post-juvenile metamorphosis: common-garden rearing of an intertidal gastropod with determinate growth.
Takahiro Irie,Naoko Morimoto +1 more
TL;DR: A common-garden rearing experiment with juvenile individuals collected from two populations on Okinawa Island revealed that this species exhibits female-biased sexual size dimorphism mediated by a longer development time rather than by faster growth rates in females, suggesting that the among-population size difference does not have a genetic basis and is caused by phenotypic plasticity based on environmental heterogeneity among habitats.
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The role of phenotypic plasticity on the proteome differences between two sympatric marine snail ecotypes adapted to distinct micro-habitats.
TL;DR: The results confirmed the mechanism of adaptation already proposed in this species and a minor role of phenotypic plasticity in this ecological speciation process and provided a number of interesting protein spots potentially involved in adaptation, and therefore candidates for a future identification.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fixed behavioural plasticity in response to predation risk in the three-spined stickleback
TL;DR: There was no evidence of between-individual variation in the behavioural changes over time in either the control or experimental condition, suggesting that behavioural plasticity is a fixed response in the individuals of this population of sticklebacks.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The evolution of life histories
TL;DR: In this article, age and size at maturity at maturity number and size of offspring Reproductive lifespan and ageing are discussed. But the authors focus on the effects of age and stage structure on fertility.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evolution in Mendelian Populations.
TL;DR: Page 108, last line of text, for "P/P″" read "P′/ P″."
Journal ArticleDOI
The measurement of selection on correlated characters
Russell Lande,Stevan J. Arnold +1 more
TL;DR: Measures of directional and stabilizing selection on each of a set of phenotypically correlated characters are derived, retrospective, based on observed changes in the multivariate distribution of characters within a generation, not on the evolutionary response to selection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stability Parameters for Comparing Varieties
S. A. Eberhart,W. A. Russell +1 more
TL;DR: The model, Yij = μ1 + β1Ij + δij, defines stability parameters that may be used to describe the performance of a variety over a series of environments to see whether genetic differences could be detected.