Journal ArticleDOI
Genetics and Evolution of Phenotypic Plasticity
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TLDR
Phenotypic plasticity is the change in the expressed phenotype of a genotype as a function of the environment, and is likely due both to differences in allelic expression across environments and to changes in interactions among loci.Abstract:
To achieve a coherent evolutionary theory, it is necessary to account for the effects of the environment on the process of development. Phenotypic plasticity is the change in the expressed phenotype of a genotype as a function of the environment. Various measures of plasticity exist, many of which can be united within the framework of a polynomial function. This function is the norm of reaction. For the special case of a linear reaction norm, genetic variation can be partitioned into portions that are independent and dependent on the environment. From this partition two heritability measures are derived which can be used, alternatively, to compare populations or make predictions about the response to selection. Genetically, plasticity is likely due both to differences in allelic expression across environments and to changes in interactions among loci; plasticity is not a function of heterozygosity. Plasticity responds to both artificial and natural selection. The evolution of plasticity is modeled in thre...read more
Citations
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Evolution of phenotype-environment associations by genetic responses to selection and phenotypic plasticity in a temporally autocorrelated environment.
TL;DR: It is described how a PEA can be used to estimate the relationship between an optimum phenotype and an environmental variable (i.e., the environmental sensitivity of selection), an important parameter for determining the extinction risk of populations experiencing environmental change.
Journal ArticleDOI
Parental effects enhance risk tolerance and performance in offspring
TL;DR: It is found that offspring of risk-experienced parents were bolder when confronted with risk, and these offspring spent more time out of refuge habitat, foraged more, and maintained more tissue than offspring ofrisk-free parents.
Journal ArticleDOI
Geometric morphometrics of carapace of Macrobrachium australe (Crustacea: Palaemonidae) from Reunion Island
Gabrielle Zimmermann,Pierre Bosc,Pierre Valade,Raphaël Cornette,Nadia Améziane,Vincent Debat +5 more
TL;DR: The morphometric analysis revealed the occurrence of two morphotypes corresponding to two different types of habitats, suggesting an adaptation to lotic disturbances and is tentatively interpreted as adaptive phenotypic plasticity in amphidromous organisms regressing to freshwaters after a marine larval phase.
Journal ArticleDOI
Heterochronic phenotypic plasticity with lack of genetic differentiation in the southeastern Pacific squat lobster Pleuroncodes monodon
TL;DR: It is shown that haplotypes from individuals of the pelagic and benthic forms comprise a single genetic unit without genetic differentiation, and the data suggest that all studied individuals share a common demographic history of recent and sudden population expansion.
Journal ArticleDOI
Karyotype analysis, DNA content and molecular screening in Lippia alba (Verbenaceae)
Patrícia Maria Oliveira Pierre,Saulo Marçal de Sousa,Lisete Chamma Davide,Marco Antonio Machado,Lyderson Facio Viccini +4 more
TL;DR: The analysis showed that the majority of genetic variation of La3-linalool could be a consequence of ixoploidy, and indicates that sexual reproduction in those three chemotypes is unlikely and suggests the beginning of reproductive isolation.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The evolution of life histories
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The measurement of selection on correlated characters
Russell Lande,Stevan J. Arnold +1 more
TL;DR: Measures of directional and stabilizing selection on each of a set of phenotypically correlated characters are derived, retrospective, based on observed changes in the multivariate distribution of characters within a generation, not on the evolutionary response to selection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stability Parameters for Comparing Varieties
S. A. Eberhart,W. A. Russell +1 more
TL;DR: The model, Yij = μ1 + β1Ij + δij, defines stability parameters that may be used to describe the performance of a variety over a series of environments to see whether genetic differences could be detected.