Ghrelin enhances appetite and increases food intake in humans.
Alison M. Wren,L. J. Seal,Mark Cohen,Audrey E. Brynes,Gary Frost,Kevin Murphy,Waljit S. Dhillo,M. A. Ghatei,S.R. Bloom +8 more
TLDR
Ghrelin is the first circulating hormone demonstrated to stimulate food intake in man and is a potentially important new regulator of the complex systems controlling food intake and body weight.Abstract:
Ghrelin is a recently identified endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor. It is synthesized predominantly in the stomach and found in the circulation of healthy humans. Ghrelin has been shown to promote increased food intake, weight gain and adiposity in rodents. The effect of ghrelin on appetite and food intake in man has not been determined. We investigated the effects of intravenous ghrelin (5.0 pmol/kg/min) or saline infusion on appetite and food intake in a randomised double-blind cross-over study in nine healthy volunteers. There was a clear-cut increase in energy consumed by every individual from a free-choice buffet (mean increase 28 ± 3.9%, p<0.001) during ghrelin compared with saline infusion. Visual analogue scores for appetite were greater during ghrelin compared to saline infusion. Ghrelin had no effect on gastric emptying as assessed by the paracetamol absorption test. Ghrelin is the first circulating hormone demonstrated to stimulate food intake in man. Endogenous ghr...read more
Citations
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Ghrelin: Structure and Function
Masayasu Kojima,Kenji Kangawa +1 more
TL;DR: The discovery of ghrelin indicates that the release of GH from the pituitary might be regulated not only by hypothalamic GH-releasing hormone, but also by gh Relin derived from the stomach, which plays important roles for maintaining GH release and energy homeostasis in vertebrates.
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Plasma Ghrelin Levels after Diet-Induced Weight Loss or Gastric Bypass Surgery
David E. Cummings,David S. Weigle,R. Scott Frayo,Patricia A. Breen,Marina K. Ma,E. Patchen Dellinger,Jonathan Q. Purnell +6 more
TL;DR: The increase in the plasma ghrelin level with diet-induced weight loss is consistent with the hypothesis that gh Relin has a role in the long-term regulation of body weight.
Journal ArticleDOI
Central nervous system control of food intake and body weight
TL;DR: This new information provides a biological context within which to consider the global obesity epidemic and identifies numerous potential avenues for therapeutic intervention and future research.
Journal ArticleDOI
Short Sleep Duration Is Associated with Reduced Leptin, Elevated Ghrelin, and Increased Body Mass Index
TL;DR: Differences in leptin and ghrelin are likely to increase appetite, possibly explaining the increased BMI observed with short sleep duration, and changes in appetite regulatory hormones with sleep curtailment may contribute to obesity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inhibition of food intake in obese subjects by peptide YY3-36.
Rachel L. Batterham,Mark Cohen,Sandra M. Ellis,Carel W. le Roux,Dominic J. Withers,Gary Frost,Mohammad A. Ghatei,Stephen R. Bloom +7 more
TL;DR: It is found that obese subjects were not resistant to the anorectic effects of PYY, and endogenous PYY levels were low in obese subjects, suggesting that PYY deficiency may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach.
TL;DR: The occurrence of ghrelin in both rat and human indicates that GH release from the pituitary may be regulated not only by hypothalamic GHRH, but also by ghrelIn, a peptide specifically releases GH both in vivo and in vitro.
Journal ArticleDOI
Central nervous system control of food intake
TL;DR: A model is described that delineates the roles of individual hormonal and neuropeptide signalling pathways in the control of food intake and the means by which obesity can arise from inherited or acquired defects in their function.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents.
TL;DR: It is proposed that ghrelin, in addition to its role in regulating GH secretion, signals the hypothalamus when an increase in metabolic efficiency is necessary, suggesting an involvement in regulation of energy balance.
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Congenital leptin deficiency is associated with severe early-onset obesity in humans
C. T. Montague,I S Farooqi,Jonathan P. Whitehead,Maria A. Soos,Harald Rau,Nicholas J. Wareham,C. P. Sewter,JE Digby,S N Mohammed,J A Hurst,C H Cheetham,A R Earley,Anthony H. Barnett,Johannes B. Prins,Stephen O'Rahilly +14 more
TL;DR: The severe obesity found in two severely obese children who are members of the same highly consanguineous pedigree provides the first genetic evidence that leptin is an important regulator of energy balance in humans.
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Circulating Ghrelin Levels Are Decreased in Human Obesity
Matthias H. Tschöp,Christian Weyer,P. Antonio Tataranni,Viswanath Devanarayan,Eric Ravussin,Mark L. Heiman +5 more
TL;DR: Plasma ghrelin concentration was decreased in obese Caucasians as compared with lean Caucasians and was lower in Pima Indians, a population with a very high prevalence of obesity, compared with Caucasians.