Journal ArticleDOI
Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents.
TLDR
It is proposed that ghrelin, in addition to its role in regulating GH secretion, signals the hypothalamus when an increase in metabolic efficiency is necessary, suggesting an involvement in regulation of energy balance.Abstract:
The discovery of the peptide hormone ghrelin, an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) receptor, yielded the surprising result that the principal site of ghrelin synthesis is the stomach and not the hypothalamus Although ghrelin is likely to regulate pituitary growth hormone (GH) secretion along with GH-releasing hormone and somatostatin, GHS receptors have also been identified on hypothalamic neurons and in the brainstem Apart from potential paracrine effects, ghrelin may thus offer an endocrine link between stomach, hypothalamus and pituitary, suggesting an involvement in regulation of energy balance Here we show that peripheral daily administration of ghrelin caused weight gain by reducing fat utilization in mice and rats Intracerebroventricular administration of ghrelin generated a dose-dependent increase in food intake and body weight Rat serum ghrelin concentrations were increased by fasting and were reduced by re-feeding or oral glucose administration, but not by water ingestion We propose that ghrelin, in addition to its role in regulating GH secretion, signals the hypothalamus when an increase in metabolic efficiency is necessaryread more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
A Preprandial Rise in Plasma Ghrelin Levels Suggests a Role in Meal Initiation in Humans
David E. Cummings,Jonathan Q. Purnell,R. Scott Frayo,Karin Schmidova,Brent E. Wisse,David S. Weigle +5 more
TL;DR: The hypothesis that ghrelin plays a physiological role in meal initiation in humans is supported by the clear preprandials rise and postprandial fall in plasma ghrelIn levels.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ghrelin: Structure and Function
Masayasu Kojima,Kenji Kangawa +1 more
TL;DR: The discovery of ghrelin indicates that the release of GH from the pituitary might be regulated not only by hypothalamic GH-releasing hormone, but also by gh Relin derived from the stomach, which plays important roles for maintaining GH release and energy homeostasis in vertebrates.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ghrelin enhances appetite and increases food intake in humans.
Alison M. Wren,L. J. Seal,Mark Cohen,Audrey E. Brynes,Gary Frost,Kevin Murphy,Waljit S. Dhillo,M. A. Ghatei,S.R. Bloom +8 more
TL;DR: Ghrelin is the first circulating hormone demonstrated to stimulate food intake in man and is a potentially important new regulator of the complex systems controlling food intake and body weight.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plasma Ghrelin Levels after Diet-Induced Weight Loss or Gastric Bypass Surgery
David E. Cummings,David S. Weigle,R. Scott Frayo,Patricia A. Breen,Marina K. Ma,E. Patchen Dellinger,Jonathan Q. Purnell +6 more
TL;DR: The increase in the plasma ghrelin level with diet-induced weight loss is consistent with the hypothesis that gh Relin has a role in the long-term regulation of body weight.
Journal ArticleDOI
Obesity and the Regulation of Energy Balance
TL;DR: The last 5 years of the millennium have witnessed a dramatic increase in understanding of the biology of regulated energy balance and body weight, and insights from the sequencing of the human genome and the coming advances in proteomics are likely to fuel the next wave of progress.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach.
TL;DR: The occurrence of ghrelin in both rat and human indicates that GH release from the pituitary may be regulated not only by hypothalamic GHRH, but also by ghrelIn, a peptide specifically releases GH both in vivo and in vitro.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Receptor in Pituitary and Hypothalamus That Functions in Growth Hormone Release
Andrew D. Howard,Scott D. Feighner,Doris F. Cully,Joseph P. Arena,Paul A. Liberator,Charles Rosenblum,Michel J. Hamelin,Donna L. Hreniuk,Oksana C. Palyha,Jennifer W. Anderson,Philip S. Paress,Carmen Diaz,Michael Chou,Ken K. Liu,Karen K. McKee,Sheng-Shung Pong,Lee-Yuh Chaung,Alex Elbrecht,Mike Dashkevicz,Robert P. Heavens,Michael Rigby,Dalip J. S. Sirinathsinghji,Dennis C. Dean,David G. Melillo,Arthur A. Patchett,Ravi P. Nargund,Patrick R. Griffin,Julie A. DeMartino,Sunil Gupta,James M. Schaeffer,Roy G. Smith,Lex H.T. Van der Ploeg +31 more
TL;DR: A heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor (GPC-R) of the pituitary and arcuate ventro-medial and infundibular hypothalamus of swine and humans was cloned and was shown to be the target of the GHSs.
Journal ArticleDOI
The effects of treatment with recombinant human growth hormone on body composition and metabolism in adults with growth hormone deficiency
TL;DR: It is concluded that growth hormone has a role in the regulation of body composition in adults, probably through its anabolic and lipolytic actions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Distribution of mRNA encoding the growth hormone secretagogue receptor in brain and peripheral tissues.
Xiao-Ming Guan,Hong Yu,Oksana C. Palyha,Karen K. McKee,Scott D. Feighner,Dalip J. S. Sirinathsinghji,Roy G. Smith,Lex H.T. Van der Ploeg,Andrew D. Howard +8 more
TL;DR: The demonstration of hypothalamic and pituitary localization of the GHS-R is consistent with its role in regulating growth hormone release and the expression of the receptor in other central and peripheral regions may implicate its involvement in additional as yet undefined physiological functions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sensitivity to leptin and susceptibility to seizures of mice lacking neuropeptide Y
TL;DR: It is reported here that mice deficient for NPY have normal food intake and body weight, and become hyperphagic following food deprivation, and mutants are more susceptible to seizures induced by a GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) antagonist when treated with recombinant leptin.