Human Rhinovirus Infections in Rural Thailand: Epidemiological Evidence for Rhinovirus as Both Pathogen and Bystander
Alicia M. Fry,Xiaoyan Lu,Sonja J. Olsen,Malinee Chittaganpitch,Pongpun Sawatwong,Somrak Chantra,Henry C. Baggett,Dean D. Erdman +7 more
TLDR
HRV rates were high among hospitalized children and the elderly but asymptomatic children also had substantial HRV detection and treatment or prevention modalities effective against HRV could reduce hospitalizations due to HRV in Thailand.Abstract:
Background
We describe human rhinovirus (HRV) detections in SaKaeo province, Thailand.
Methods
From September 1, 2003–August 31, 2005, we tested hospitalized patients with acute lower respiratory illness and outpatient controls without fever or respiratory symptoms for HRVs with polymerase chain reaction and molecularly-typed select HRVs. We compared HRV detection among hospitalized patients and controls and estimated enrollment adjusted incidence.
Results
HRVs were detected in 315 (16%) of 1919 hospitalized patients and 27 (9.6%) of 280 controls. Children had the highest frequency of HRV detections (hospitalized: <1 year: 29%, 1–4 year: 29%, ≥65 years: 9%; controls: <1 year: 24%, 1–4 year: 14%, ≥65 years: 2.8%). Enrollment adjusted hospitalized HRV detection rates were highest among persons aged <1 year (1038/100,000 persons/year), 1–4 years (457), and ≥65 years (71). All three HRV species were identified, HRV-A was the most common species in most age groups including children aged <1 year (61%) and all adult age groups. HRV-C was the most common species in the 1–4 year (51%) and 5–19 year age groups (54%). Compared to controls, hospitalized adults (≥19 years) and children were more likely to have HRV detections (odds ratio [OR]: 4.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5, 15.8; OR: 2.0, CI: 1.2, 3.3, respectively) and hospitalized children were more likely to have HRV-A (OR 1.7, CI: 0.8, 3.5) or HVR-C (OR 2.7, CI: 1.2, 5.9) detection.
Conclusions
HRV rates were high among hospitalized children and the elderly but asymptomatic children also had substantial HRV detection. HRV (all species), and HRV-A and HRV-C detections were epidemiologically-associated with hospitalized illness. Treatment or prevention modalities effective against HRV could reduce hospitalizations due to HRV in Thailand.read more
Citations
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Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among U.S. adults
Seema Jain,Derek J. Williams,Sandra R. Arnold,Krow Ampofo,Anna M. Bramley,Carrie Reed,Chris Stockmann,Evan J. Anderson,Carlos G. Grijalva,Wesley H. Self,Yuwei Zhu,Anami Patel,Weston Hymas,James D. Chappell,Robert A. Kaufman,J. Herman Kan,David Dansie,Noel Lenny,David R. Hillyard,Lia M. Haynes,Min Z. Levine,Stephen Lindstrom,Jonas M. Winchell,Jacqueline M. Katz,Dean D. Erdman,Eileen Schneider,Lauri A. Hicks,Richard G. Wunderink,Kathryn M. Edwards,Andrew T. Pavia,Jonathan A. McCullers,Lyn Finelli +31 more
TL;DR: The incidence of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization was highest among the oldest adults and despite current diagnostic tests, no pathogen was detected in the majority of patients.
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Viral and bacterial interactions in the upper respiratory tract.
Astrid A. T. M. Bosch,Giske Biesbroek,Krzysztof Trzciński,Elisabeth A. M. Sanders,Debby Bogaert +4 more
TL;DR: A theoretical model is proposed to summarize and illustrate mechanisms by which specific bacterial–bacterial and viral-bacterial interactions that occur in the upper respiratory niche might be mediated and provide better insight into the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases.
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Prospective Multicenter Study of Viral Etiology and Hospital Length of Stay in Children With Severe Bronchiolitis
Jonathan M. Mansbach,Pedro A. Piedra,Stephen J. Teach,Ashley F. Sullivan,Tate F. Forgey,Sunday Clark,Janice A. Espinola,Carlos A. Camargo +7 more
TL;DR: Since 1 in 3 children had multiple virus infections and HRV was associated with LOS, these data challenge the effectiveness of current RSV-based cohorting practices, the sporadic testing for HRV in bronchiolitis research, and current thinking that the infectious etiology of severe bronchiolaitis does not affect short-term outcomes.
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Human Rhinovirus Species Associated With Hospitalizations for Acute Respiratory Illness in Young US Children
Marika K. Iwane,Mila M. Prill,Xiaoyan Lu,E. Kathryn Miller,Kathryn M. Edwards,Caroline B. Hall,Marie R. Griffin,Mary Allen Staat,Larry J. Anderson,John V. Williams,Geoffrey A. Weinberg,Asad Ali,Peter G. Szilagyi,Yuwei Zhu,Dean D. Erdman +14 more
TL;DR: Compared with children infected with other viruses, children with HRV detected were similar for severe hospital outcomes and more commonly had histories or diagnoses of asthma or wheezing.
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The Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health Project: A 21st Century Childhood Pneumonia Etiology Study
Orin S. Levine,Katherine L. O'Brien,Maria Deloria-Knoll,David R. Murdoch,Daniel R. Feikin,Daniel R. Feikin,Andrea DeLuca,Amanda J. Driscoll,Henry C. Baggett,W. Abdullah Brooks,W. Abdullah Brooks,Stephen R. C. Howie,Karen L. Kotloff,Shabir A. Madhi,Shabir A. Madhi,Susan A. Maloney,Samba O. Sow,Donald M. Thea,J. Anthony G. Scott,J. Anthony G. Scott +19 more
TL;DR: The Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health project is a 7-country, standardized, comprehensive evaluation of the etiologic agents causing severe pneumonia in children from developing countries to establish the causal association between presence of potential pathogens and pneumonia.
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