Improved ozone DIAL retrievals in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere using an optimal estimation method
read more
Citations
Retrieval of Temperature From a Multiple Channel Rayleigh-Scatter Lidar Using an Optimal Estimation Method
Retrieval of temperature from a multiple channel pure rotational Raman backscatter lidar using an optimal estimation method
Intercomparison and evaluation of ground- and satellite-based stratospheric ozone and temperature profiles above Observatoire de Haute-Provence during the Lidar Validation NDACC Experiment (LAVANDE)
Development of a 1-Dimensional Data Assimilation to Determine Temperature and Relative Humidity Combining Raman Lidar Backscatter Measurements And a Reanalysis Model
Optimal estimation method applied on ceilometer aerosol retrievals
References
Extension of the MSIS Thermosphere Model into the middle and lower atmosphere
Stratosphere‐troposphere exchange
Tropospheric ozone: Seasonal behavior, trends, and anthropogenic influence
Radiative Forcing of Climate Change
Stratosphere-troposphere exchange: A review, and what we have learned from STACCATO
Related Papers (5)
Frequently Asked Questions (15)
Q2. What are the future works in "Improved ozone dial retrievals in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere using an optimal estimation method" ?
The authors are planning to augment their forward model to allow for inclusion of aerosols, as well as other trace gases.
Q3. What can be retrieved along with ozone profiles?
Other atmospheric and systematic parameters such as air density, the dead time of the system, and the background counts can be retrieved along with ozone profiles.
Q4. What is the output energy of the XeCl excimer laser?
This laser has an output energy of about 200 mJ for the “on-line” channel, while the “off-line” wavelength at 355 nm is generated by the third harmonic of a continuum Nd:YAG laser with an energy of 50 mJ at 50 Hz.
Q5. What is the main concern for stratospheric ozone measurements?
for stratospheric ozone measurements, choosing a laser that can reach higher altitudes in the stratosphere is the main concern [11, 20, 21].
Q6. How long was the a priori covariance matrix used?
To generate a full length a priori covariance matrix for both air and ozone density profiles at altitudes below 12 km, a tent function with a correlation length of 300 m was used.
Q7. What is the ozone uncertainty at the bottom of the retrievals?
For stratospheric measurements, the ozone uncertainty has its maximum of 4% at the bottom of retrievals, which is higher than the calculated uncertainty of 2% in [36] uncertainty budget.
Q8. What is the a priori value for the background counts in the troposphe?
In order to determine the background counts in both the tropospheric and stratospheric measurements, the mean of the counts above a specific height is calculated and used as the a priori for the “off-line” channels, since SIN is negligible in these channels.
Q9. What is the effect of SIN in the on-line channel?
as the laser power in the “online” channel is about 2 times stronger than the laser power in the “off-line” channel, the effect of SIN in the “on-line” channel is more pronounced.
Q10. What is the definition of a perfect retrieval?
A perfect retrieval, in the sense all the information comes from the measurement with no effect from the a priori state, has averaging kernels equal to one, where the first term of the above equation becomes zero.
Q11. How many different channels did the authors use for the stratospheric ozone retriev?
The authors used four different channels for tropospheric ozone retrievals, and eight different channels for the stratospheric-tropospheric ozone retrievals.
Q12. What is the frequency of the Continuum Nd:YAG laser?
The transmitter for the tropospheric system uses the fourth harmonic of a Continuum Nd:YAG laser (266 nm) frequency shifted by Raman Stimulated Scattering in a D2 high pressure cell [34].
Q13. What is the effect of the gases in the final ozone retrievals?
in most cases, for both stratospheric and tropospheric ozone studies the effect of these gases in final ozone retrievals is negligible.
Q14. What is the trade-off between the traditional and the stratospheric retrieval?
The trade-off is that the uncertainty of the retrieval in the traditional method is smaller, so that at 11 km it is 4.5% as opposed to the OEM retrieval which has a larger uncertainty of 7.5%.
Q15. What is the correlation length for stratospheric lidar measurements?
This choice of correlation length is because above 12 km, the stratospheric lidar measurements have the most weight and the retrieval grid for these measurements starts at 300 m.